ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɊɍȾɇ, ɫɟɪ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, 2010, № 4 38 ɉɈɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɂɋɌɈɊɂə ɊɈɋɋɂɂ ɇɂɄɂɌȺ ɉȺɇɂɇ ɂ ȿɄȺɌȿɊɂɇȺ II: ɄɈɇɐȿɉɌɍȺɅɖɇɕȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɉɈɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȼɁȺɂɆɈɈɌɇɈɒȿɇɂɃ Ʉ.Ⱦ. Ȼɭɝɪɨɜ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɪ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 5, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, 1620083 ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢ- ɧɨɣ II ɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ, ɇ.ɂ. ɉɚɧɢɧɵɦ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɉɚɧɢɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢ- ɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɥɟɝɢ- ɬɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɢ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɨɫɢɥ ɧɟ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɚ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɉɪɨɜɚɥ ɠɟ ɪɟɮɨɪ- ɦɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɚɧɢɧɚ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɥɟɝɢ- ɬɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɨɬɚ 1762 ɝ., ɜɨɡɜɟɞɲɟɝɨ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɭ II ɧɚ ɬɪɨɧ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɇ.ɂ. ɉɚɧɢɧ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ II, ɒ.-Ʌ. Ɇɨɧɬɟɫɤɶɟ, ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ, ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧ XVIII ɜ., ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨ- ɪɨɬɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ȼ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɟɬɨɦ 1762 ɝ. ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɟ II ɨɛɟɪ-ɝɨɮɦɟɣɫɬɟɪɨɦ ɇ.ɂ. ɉɚɧɢɧɵɦ – ɨɞ- ɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɟɟ ɫɵɧɚ, ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɉɚɜɥɚ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱɚ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɉɚɧɢɧɚ ɛɵɥ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ: 28 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 1762 ɝ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ II ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɥɚ ɦɚɧɢ- ɮɟɫɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ (ɤɚɤ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 1763 ɝ. ɢɥɢ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ (1)) ɧɚɞɨɪɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɉɚɧɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɟɧɚɬɚ – ɢ ɩɪɟɞ- ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ «ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɟɫɬɢ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɚ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɪɠɰɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɚɜɨɪɢ- ɬɨɜ (2), ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ «ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ» (3).