International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science (ISSN: 2251-0044) Vol. 3(5) pp. 169-
173, May 2013
Available online http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJAS
Copyright ©2013 International Research Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment on the Status of Some Micronutrients in
Vertisols of the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Yifru Abera and *Mesfin Kebede
Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ethiosoils@gmail.com
Abstract
Although the role of micronutrients in balanced plant nutrition is well established, information
regarding their status in most Ethiopian soils is scanty. Even, the current fertilizer recommendation for
major crops in Ethiopia is only for macronutrients; continuous application of one or two
macronutrients may in due course deplete the soil reserve of other nutrients and limit the crop yield. In
order to assess the status of Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the Vertisols of
the central highlands of Ethiopia, fifty representative composite surface soil samples (0-30 cm depth)
were collected from five districts viz., Akaki, Gimbichu, Ada’a, Lume and Minjar-Shenkora. These
micronutrients were extracted using diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and their
concentration is determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical results
confirmed that the status of Fe and Zn fall in the deficient range in the majority of the samples.
Generally, 96 and 98% of the samples were found to be deficient in Fe and Zn, respectively. Manganese
deficiency is evident only in 11% of soil samples whereas, the status of Zn was in sufficient range in all
soil samples, Therefore, future research should focus on assessing the availability of these and other
micronutrients by collecting large number of soil and plant samples and conducting field trials in the
area.
Keywords: Deficient, DTPA, Micronutrients, Vertisols.
INTRODUCTION
The drive for targeting higher agricultural production
needs a balanced use of nutrients which otherwise create
problems of soil fertility exhaustion and nutrient
imbalances not only of major but also of secondary and
micronutrients (Patel and Singh, 2009). Whenever either
of the nutrients is deficient it resulted in abnormal growth,
which sometimes cause complete crop failure. Most of
micronutrients are associated with the enzymatic system
of plants. Thus, micronutrient deficiency and toxicity can
reduce plant yield (Tisdale et al., 1995). Besides, grain
and flower formation does not take place in severe
deficiency (Nazif et al., 2006). The availability of micro-
nutrient to plant growth is particularly sensitive to change
in soil environmental factors like organic matter, soil pH,
lime content and soil texture (Nazif et al., 2006).
Katyal and Randhawal (1983) reported a wide spread
micronutrient deficiencies when high analysis fertilizers
like DAP and Urea continued to be the only one used in
India. These fertilizers have been applied continuously
and with increase rate particularly due to the release and
adoption of new crop varieties that have high demand of
these nutrients. When micro-nutrients are not applied to
the soil in conjunction with common fertilizers,
fertilizing soils with macronutrients are likely to promote
imbalance between these nutrients group and individual
nutrients. Furthermore, increased yield through intensive
cropping and use of high yielding varieties, losses of
micronutrients through leaching, and decreased farm
yard manure application compared to chemical fertilizers
contribute towards acceleration exhaustion of the supply
of available micronutrients from the soil bank. It has been
reported that, in spite of favorable development in the use
of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to increase crop
production two to six-time more of the micro-nutrients are
being removed annually through crop harvest from the
soil, than are applied to it (Kayal and Randhawal,1983).
This could be significant particularly in Ethiopia, where
there is no micronutrient application in the form of
chemical fertilizers or organic elements (Asgelil et al.,
2007). However, there is very little information available