115
Nikolai N. Seleznyov
Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies
Russian State University for the Humanities
nns@rsuh.ru
“THESE STONES SHALL BE
FOR A MEMORIAL”:
A DISCUSSION OF THE ABOLITION
OF CIRCUMCISION
IN THE KITĀB AL‐MAĞDAL
The question of Christian freedom from Old Testament law became
especially controversial since it concerned the practice of circumcis‐
ion. The obvious practical considerations for excusing Christianized
Gentiles from the demands of the Jewish tradition were not the only
reason to discuss the custom. When Paul told the church in Rome
that circumcision was rather a matter of the heart (Rom 2:29), he un‐
doubtedly referred to the words of the prophets who preached cir‐
cumcision of “the foreskin of the hearts” (Deut 10:16–17; Jer 4:3–4).
Bodily circumcision, including that of Christ Himself, remained a
subject of debate during subsequent Christian history, though the
problem of fulfilling the stipulations of Old Testament law was gen‐
erally no longer actually present in historical reality.
1
The present
study will provide an interesting example of how a similar discussion
of the same subject regained and retained its actuality in the context
of Christian‐Muslim relations in the medieval Middle East. The ex‐
ample in question is a chapter on the abolition of circumcision in the
comprehensive ‘Nestorian’ encyclopedic work of the mid‐10
th
–early
11
th
century entitled Kitāb al‐Mağdal.
2
————————
(1) A. S. JACOBS, Christ Circumcised: A Study in Early Christian History and
Difference (Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion), Philadelphia, 2012.
(2) M. STEINSCHNEIDER, Polemische und apologetische Literatur in arabischer
Sprache, zwischen Muslimen, Christen und Juden: nebst Anhängen verwandten In‐
halts, mit Benutzung handschriftlicher Quellen (Abhandlungen für die Kunde
des Morgenlandes, 6.3), Leipzig, 1877, pp. 83–86. For the problems of attribu‐
tion and formation of the Kitāb al‐Mağdal see: B. HOLMBERG, “A Reconsidera‐
tion of the Kitāb al‐Mağdal,” Parole de l’Orient, 18 (1993), pp. 255–273. For the