Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences, 2014, 2 (3): 116-122, ISSN: 2328-4595 (PRINT), ISSN: 2328-4609 (ONLINE) Research Article 116 Abstract-This study was conducted at Khartoum State – Sudan to screen for antibiotic residues in different poultry tissues (liver, kidney and muscle). A total of 221 tissue sample was obtained from slaughtered animals. Three plate test method was used with 3 species of bacteria vizEscherichia .Coli, Staphylococcus aureaus and Bacillus subtilis. After screening for antibiotic residues, the total number of positive samples was 27 %. The highest percentage of positive samples was detected in the muscle tissue (29.2 %) and the least was in the kidney. Chi square analysis showed an association between the liver and kidney, kidney and muscle when using E. Coli and between liver and kidney when Bacillus Subtilis was used.()It was concluded from this study that,when screening for residues using liver or kidney E.Coli or Bacillus subtilis can be used with the same efficiency since they both give almost the same result taking in consideration other factors such as type of drug screened for and the sensitivity of the bacteria. It is recommended that the awareness of the farmers regarding the misuses of drugs and their effect on human health should be promoted. It is also necessary to establish a routine screening programme for antibiotic residues by the appropriate authorities. Index terms: Antibiotic residues, Disc assay, Poultry tissues, Khartoum. I. INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are being excessively used in the different animal farms for various purposes: such as prophylactic, prevention and control of disease, and as growth stimulant. Under circumstances when the with drawl periods of drug is not applied, antibiotic residues may appear in the different animal products such as milk, eggs, meat as reported by various studies[1- 4]. The continuous exposure to antibiotics has been found to lead to serious health problems in humans -being the main consumers of animal products- such as allergies, spreading of drug-resistant microorganisms, carcinogenic effect and potential harmful effect on human intestinal micro flora [1,5 and 6]. Screening of animal products for veterinary drugs began mainly with the dairy industry to overcome problems related to fermentative dairy production , from 1970s regulatory screening of slaughtered animals was started [7] . Two types of analytical methods are commonly used , the screening methods that includes microbiological tests (Disc assay, modified Premi and Delvotest methods) [3,4,8] and the confirmatory methods using more complex and advanced techniques such as ELISA and HPLC [9]. The microbial inhibition tests were the earliest test used and are still in use because they are inexpensive and can cover entire antibiotic spectrum but are less specific than other tests. In Sudan, the poultry industry is largely increasing. The use of antibiotic as a routine practice is non avoidable to prevent economic loss due to diseases and consequent mortality. No routine screening programme for slaughtered animals is practiced in the country. The main objectives of this study are: 1. Toscreen for the presence of antibiotics in liver, kidney and muscle as important poultry tissues 2. To study the relation between different bacteria species namelyEscherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureaus and Bacillus subtilis and poultry tissues under investigation . II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection A total of 221 different tissue samples were collected from different poultry farms in Khartoum State during the period from April 2013 to June2013. The percentage of different samples was as follows: liver samples were 43%, muscle was 45% and the kidney was 12% (Fig. 1).About 1-2 g of each tissue sample was obtained from freshly slaughtered animals. The samples were stored in ice till transported to the laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bahri for further analysis. Antibiotic detection The three plate test method was used.Three species of bacteria were used :vizEscherichia .ColiATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureaussubaureus ATCC29213 and Bacillus Subtilis DSM618. Disc assay method Sterilized nutrient agar plates were inoculated with a loop full of a freshly prepared suspension of each bacteria.An incision was made in the tissue sample , then using a clean sterile forceps , a sterile paper disc was placed into the incision and left until it was soaked and then the disc was transferred and placed on the agar surface. The plates were then inverted and incubated at 37- 38°C for18- 24 hours. The presence of antibiotic residues in the sample was indicated by the presence of inhibition zone of a diameter of 2mm or more. Absence of antibiotic residues was indicated by the absence of inhibition zone around the growth or the presence of a zone of less than 2mm [9,10]. Screening of Antibiotic Residues in Poultry Liver, Kidney and Muscle in Khartoum State, Sudan Hind, A. Elnasri* 1 , Adil, M. Salman 1 and Samah A. El Rade 2 1 University of Bahri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan 2 Ministry of Irrigation, Agriculture and animal welfare, Khartoum. (Received: February 15, 2014; Accepted: April 08, 2014) *Corresponding author e mail: hiab2000@yahoo.com