International Journal of Artiicial Life Research, 2(2), 105-121, April-June 2011 105 Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Keywords: Acute Inlammatory Mediator, Agent-based Model System, Dynamics Model, Multi-agent Simulation Model, Simulation Model IntroDuCtIon The function of the human immune system is to respond to intruding pathogens or damage tissues (e.g., trauma) and to prevent them from spreading to the entire body by producing warn- ing chemical signals, activating relevant im- mune cells in the blood circulation system near the infected area, and then killing the intruded pathogens or microbial organisms. The process An Autonomous Multi-Agent Simulation Model for Acute Inlammatory response John Wu, Kansas State University, USA David Ben-Arieh, Kansas State University, USA Zhenzhen Shi, Kansas State University, USA AbStrACt This research proposes an agent-based simulation model combined with the strength of systemic dynamic mathematical model, providing a new modeling and simulation approach of the pathogenesis of AIR. AIR is the initial stage of a typical sepsis episode, often leading to severe sepsis or septic shocks. The process of AIR has been in the focal point affecting more than 750,000 patients annually in the United State alone. Based on the agent-based model presented herein, clinicians can predict the sepsis pathogenesis for patients using the prognostic indicators from the simulation results, planning the proper therapeutic interventions accord- ingly. Impressively, the modeling approach presented creates a friendly user-interface allowing physicians to visualize and capture the potential AIR progression patterns. Based on the computational studies, the simulated behavior of the agent–based model conforms to the mechanisms described by the system dynamics mathematical models established in previous research. to protect the human body from further infec- tion by harmful stimuli is commonly referred as the immune responses or acute inflammatory responses. However, an uncontrolled series of Acute Immune Responses (AIR) may lead to possible sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis shocks since the immune cells and their released cytokines eliminate pathogens and microbial organisms but which also kill neighboring healthy cells. Recent census found that more than 750,000 severe sepsis or sepsis shock cases developed from sepsis in the US (Angus, DOI: 10.4018/jalr.2011040106