IŶ press iŶ: The Nature of Culture , edited ďy Miriaŵ Haidle, NiĐolas CoŶard aŶd MiĐhael Bolus . Verteďrate Paleoďiology aŶd PaleoaŶthropology series. SpriŶger ;forthĐoŵiŶg ϮϬϭ5Ϳ. Authoƌs fiŶal ŵaŶusĐƌipt, this chapter is based on a paper written for: The Nature of Culture—A Symposium on the Extension of Cultural Capacity. University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. June 15-18, 2011 Stone tools: evidence of something in between culture and cumulative culture? Iain Davidson Emeritus Professor of Archaeology, University of New England Visiting Professor of Archaeology, Flinders University Australia Dedication In memory of Lewis Binford, whose many contributions about the nature of culture informed us all and stimulated us to think more carefully about the way we do archaeology. I paƌtiĐulaƌlLJ ƌeŵeŵďeƌ his phƌase tool-assisted aŶiŵal ďehaǀioƌ as a ǁaLJ of thiŶking about early hominins. It inspires many of the thoughts in this paper. Introduction For the symposium that was the source of the papers in the volume, I was asked to write about stone tools in the evolution of culture. I was specifically asked to put my presentation into the context of some hierarchical models of culture produced by the ROCEEH project. In this paper, I will confine myself to issues relevant to that question, but will propose a variation on one of the ROCEEH models.