Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 2015, 3(1) ISSN 1339-4045 (print), ISSN 1339-4584 (online) SlovakEdu 3 CONTENTS RESEARCH PAPERS Forging new pathways for research on language learning motivation Françoise Raby, France 5 Becoming an English language teacher: continuities and discontinuities Dorota Werbiоska, Poland 24 The perception of readiness for teaching profession: a case of pre-service trainees Zuzana Straková, Slovakia 53 Teaching language as communication in Polish primary school: theory and practice Marta Szymaоska, Poland 68 Portfolio-work and its effects on listening comprehension of very young learners Piri Leeck, Germany 89 Digital portfolio in building teaching efficacy of pre-service teachers )vana Cimermanová, Slovakia 112 Prolegomena to the epistemology of languages for non-specialists: the example of CLIL Claire Chaplier & Anne-Marie O'Connell, France 130 The ancient art of «debating» and itǯs usefulness in the foreign language classroom: the case of the French Debating Association Anne OǯMahoney, France 144 Developing intercultural openness – how students describe and interpret cultural texts? Aneta Rogalska-Marasiоska, Poland 159 Enhancing student schematic knowledge of culture through literature circles in a foreign language classroom Alastair Graham-Marr, Japan 189