IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. V. (Apr. 2014), PP 41-46 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 41 | Page A Case Control study on the risk factors of Periodontitis” 1 Dr. Tanzila Rafique, 2 Dr. Mohammed Sharif Hossain Rasel, 3 Dr. Md. Nazmul Hasan, 4 Dr. Shehab Moinirul Haque 1 BDS, FCPS, MPH,Medical Officer,Dept. of Orthodontics , 2 BDS, MS(Part-II), MPH,Researsh Assistant,Dept. of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics,. 4 BDS, MS(Part-II),Dept. of Prosthodontics,BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 3 BDS, FCPS Assitant Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics,Update Dental College & Hospital,Dhaka, Bangladesh. . Abstract: Background: Periodontitisis related with certain systemic conditions as well as with someintra oral local factors including patients’ oral practices and habits. Objective: To identify the different risk factors among the patients having Periodontitis. Methods: A Case control Study was conducted in the rural community in Shirajganj District. Clinically diagnosed patients of periodontitis werebeing considered as study population. Results:All the patients had presented with the dental problem of them patients having periodontitis were identified. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and periodontitis (case) was considered if periodontal pocket depth index score was 2 – 8, and no periodontitis if score was ‘0 - 1’. A total of 196 respondents (ranging from 6 – 80 years) were randomly selected from the community for interview and investigation for periodontal diseases. Data analysis revealed significant association between the age patients, Diabetes mellitus, betel chewing habit, tooth cleansing methods and devices, presence of tooth pricking habits with the development of periodontitis(p<0.001). Conclusion:Bydeliveringtheproper and timely health related informationand raising the awareness level regarding this detrimental disease the overall health status among the population can be improved. Key words: Periodontitis, Gingivitis, Risk factor. I. Introduction: To extend the life of teeth either by prevention or by treatment of dental diseases is the major objective of dental care. Main parameter to assess dental health is the mean number of teeth present per person. 1 It has been well accepted that the number of teeth decreases with age and that carries and periodontal disease are the main causes of tooth loss. The relative impact of these two disease entities may vary in different population groups and geographic areas. 2 Distribution of dental caries and periodontal disease is almost prevelant throughout the world. 3 Most studies have found that periodontitis affects a significant number of individuals before the age of 20 years and affects the majority of the adult population after the age of 35 –40 years. Studies report that the prevalence and average severity of periodontitis, increased with age for groups of individuals until virtually all middle-aged people had the disease. 4,5 Data from the studies by Brekhus 6 and Allen 7 led many to suppose that the greatest single reason for tooth loss after the age of 40 years was periodontal disease. Later, this was confirmed in a survey in Winnipeg, MB, by Trott and Cross. 8 However, their results also showed that the percentage of teeth lost because of periodontitis was higher than the percentage of patients who lost teeth because of periodontitis.In other words, with regard to periodontitis, relatively many teeth were lost in relatively few patients. While a large proportion of the population is susceptible to periodontitis, it appears that there is a small segment of the population that is susceptible to severe forms of periodontitis. This observation leads to the proposal that there is susceptibility or risk factors that modulate susceptibility to destructive periodontitis. The susceptibility of individuals appears to vary greatly depending upon which risk factors is operative. 9 this proposed study is designed to evaluate the different risk factors related with periodontitis among rural people. II. Methods: It was a case control study. The study was carried out for the period of 6 months from January 2012 to June 2012in the Ullahpara Thana of the Shirajgong district. Patients were selected from the dental camp organized in the Thana Health complex.Clinically diagnosed dental patients having periodontitis were considered as cases and dental patients other than periodontitis were considered as control.