256
Reliability of Bidimensional
Acculturation Scores
A Meta-Analysis
Que-Lam Huynh
University of California, Riverside
Ryan T. Howell
San Francisco State University
Verónica Benet-Martínez
University of California, Riverside
Understanding score reliability is a necessary step in examining the validity of accul-
turation instruments. Thus, the authors evaluate the aggregate reliability of three
multigroup, bidimensional acculturation instruments: General Ethnicity Questionnaire–
Abridged, Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, and Vancouver Index of
Acculturation. Reliability generalization techniques are used to analyze 51 internal
consistency estimates and 6 sample characteristics for these instruments. Overall, reli-
ability estimates for all three instruments appear to be robust. However, the ranges of
reliability estimates across diverse samples vary greatly, which has implications for
the interpretation of substantive outcomes and acculturation instrument selection. In
addition, variability in reliability estimates is associated with scale length, gender, and
ethnic composition of sample. Implications for acculturation research and measurement
are discussed.
Keywords: acculturation, meta-analysis, reliability generalization, General Ethnicity
Questionnaire, Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, Vancouver Index of
Acculturation
A
cculturation at the individual, psychological level results when there is continuous,
prolonged contact between two culturally distinct groups, and individuals within the
groups must adapt to the new cultural contact situation (Berry, 2003). Within recent years,
researchers have widely embraced the bidimensional or bilinear model of acculturation,
which proposes that individuals can have independent orientations toward their heritage
culture and the host or dominant culture (i.e., independent cultural orientations; see Berry,
2003; Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995; Ryder, Alden, & Paulhus, 2000; Stephenson,
256
Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology
Volume 40 Number 2
March 2009 256-274
© 2009 SAGE Publications
10.1177/0022022108328919
http://jccp.sagepub.com
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http://online.sagepub.com
Authors’ Note: Portions of this paper were presented at the 20th annual convention of the Asian American
Psychological Association, August 2005. We are indebted to Angela-MinhTu D. Nguyen, Robert Rosenthal, and
M. Robin DiMatteo for their invaluable feedback on previous drafts of this article. Address correspondence to
Que-Lam Huynh, Department of Psychology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA
92521; e-mail: que-lam.huynh@email.ucr.edu.
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