feminist teacher volume 19 number 3 195
© 2009 by the board of trustees of the university of illinois
“Don’t Hate Me Because I’m Virtual”:
Feminist Pedagogy in the Online Classroom
NANCY CHICK AND HOLLY HASSEL
“Feminist education—the feminist classroom—is and should be a place where there is a
sense of struggle, where there is visible acknowledgment of the union of theory and prac-
tice, where we work together as teachers and students to overcome the estrangement and
alienation that have become so much the norm in the contemporary university.”
—bell hooks
The decade-long debate about the value
of distance education (DE)—specifically
online teaching—may become a moot one.
The Chronicle of Higher Education recently
reported on a 2004 study, revealing that,
“By the end of 2005, Eduventures expects
more than 1.2 million students to be tak-
ing such courses, making up about 7 per-
cent of the 17 million students enrolled at
degree-granting institutions” (Carnevale,
“Online”). An even more recent study by
the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation reports
that 89 percent of the over one thousand
responding institutions offer face-to-face
(F2F ) instruction; 55 percent of them offer
online courses (Allen and Seaman 5).
Overall online enrollment increased from
1.98 million students in 2003 to 2.35 mil-
lion in 2004 (Allan and Seaman 4). With
numbers of such magnitude, it’s hard
to ignore the fact that online teaching
is becoming a reality for more and more
instructors at institutions traditionally
offering face-to-face instruction. In times
of budget crises and calls for efficiency
and expansion into new student popu-
lations, discussions of online teaching
are no longer just for the pioneers in the
medium, new faculty pressured into teach-
ing DE, or the cyber-savvy. The chances
are high that more and more of us across
rank, discipline, campus type, and level of
technical ability will venture into the vir-
tual classroom.
As these chances increase, so do the
objections about online classes: they
exploit already overwhelmed faculty and
adjunct instructors; they encourage a
consumer model of education, with their
accompanying marketing as “flexible”
and “convenient”; the increased amount
of reading and writing leads to instructor
burnout; they are merely correspondence
courses masquerading as intellectually
rigorous, college-level education; online
students are disengaged and even more
“estranged and alienated” than hooks’s
on-campus students; the courses lack
the sense of community made possible
by face-to-face classrooms; etc. Many of
these critiques, however, are not borne
out by research. For example, the Sloan
Foundation study reveals that at 74 per-
cent of public colleges, online courses
are taught by core faculty, as opposed
to only 61 percent for their face-to-face
courses—indicating that it is permanent,
not temporary, instructors who are taking