Journal of Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 2347 - 2804) Volume No. 3 Issue No.1, February 2015 19 SURVEY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING MAC PROTOCOL WITH NETWORK PROTOCOLS By Nitisha Pradhan 1 , Biswaraj Sen 2 Dept. of CSE, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majhitar, Sikkim,India 1 . Dept. of CSE, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majhitar, Sikkim,India 2 . pradhannitisha0204@gmail.com 1 , biswaraj.sen@gmail.com 2 Abstract—The main objective of this survey paper is to provide a detailed description of Wireless Sensor Networks with Medium Access Control layer and Routing layer. In the medium access control layer, Event Driven Time Division Multiple Access protocol is studied and in Network layer, two routing protocols Bellman-Ford and Dynamic Source Routing are studied. General Terms- Routing, Protocol, Routing layer, Medium Access Control layer. Keywords—Wireless Sensor Networks, Event-Driven Time Division Multiple Access, Bellman-Ford, Dynamic Source Routing. 1. INTRODUCTION Recent technological advances have enabled the development of low cost, low power & multifunctional sensor devices. These nodes are autonomous devices with integrated sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. Such nodes are called Sensor nodes. A sensor is an electronic device that is capable of detecting environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, or the presence of certain objects. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is currently an active research area as it has a huge range of applications out of which some are machine health monitoring, natural disaster prevention, health-care monitoring and structural health monitoring. The network consists of the sensor nodes which can be imagined as small computers which are extremely basic in terms of their interfaces and their components. They carry a processing unit with limited computational power and limited memory, sensors or MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)[5], a communication device and a power source in the form of battery. A WSN typically consists of large number of small size, low cost, low power multi-functional sensor nodes equipped with sensors, microprocessors and radio transceivers[2]. They communicated over a short distance via a wireless medium and collaborate with each other to accomplish a common task. The WSN have the following unique characteristics :[2] • Dense Node Deployment • Battery Powered Sensor Nodes • Severe Energy, Computation and Storage Constraints • Self- Configurable • Application Specific • Unreliable Sensor Node • Frequent Topology Change • No Global Identification 2. ENERGY IN WSN Energy has been the scarcest resource of WSN nodes and it determines the lifetime of the network. WSN may be deployed in large numbers in various environments such that in most cases ad-hoc communication is mandatory. Therefore algorithms and protocols need to address issues like lifetime maximization where the energy/power consumption of the sensing device should be minimized and the sensor node should be energy efficient since their limited energy resource determines their lifetime. To conserve power the nodes normally turn off the radio transceiver when not in use. MAC is one of the critical issues in the design of WSN. As in most wireless network, collision, which is caused by two nodes, sending data at the same time over the same shared medium is a great concern in WSN. To address this problem a sensor network must employ MAC protocols to arbitrate access to the shared medium in order to avoid data collision from different nodes at the same time to fairly and efficiently share the bandwidth among multiple nodes. 3. PROTOCOL STACK IN WSN The Protocol Stack used by sensor nodes and Base Station consists of five layers: Application layer, Transport layer, Network