© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 DOI: 10.1163/157361209X424448 Archive for the Psychology of Religion 31 (2009) 177-190 brill.nl/arp Cross-Cultural Insight Into he Association Between Religiousness And Authoritarianism Sergej Flere University of Maribor, Slovenia sergej.flere@uni-mb.si Rudi Klanjšek University of Maribor, Slovenia rudi.klanjsek@uni-mb.si Received: 28 March 2007; accepted: 20 February 2008 Summary he current study investigated the possible existence of a relationship between authoritarianism and religiousness and the possible strength of this potential relationship. he study involved samples from four cultural environments known to differ substantially in terms of religious salience and content: Slovenia (predominantly Catholic), Serbia (predominantly Eastern Ortho- dox), Bosnia and Herzegovina (predominantly Muslim), and the United States (predominantly Protestant). Religiousness was assessed by way of religious orientation (including intrinsic and extrinsic orientation) as proposed by Allport (1950), whereas authoritarianism was tapped by a modified Lane scale (1955). Results from zero-order correlations indicated a strong and positive association between authoritarianism and all types of religious orientation, regardless of the sample analyzed. Residualizing the main study constructs by demographic variables did not alter the results. he association changed only when each dimension of religious orientation was controlled for the effect of other dimensions. Results did not lend support to the hypothesis that authoritarianism is more strongly linked to those who are more extrinsically oriented. Keywords Authoritarianism, religious orientation, religiousness, Bosnian Islam, Serbian Orthodoxy, Slove- nian Catholicism, US Protestantism Introduction he concept of authoritarianism in the tradition of Adorno and his associates (Adorno et al., 1950) denoted a “deep structure” in the person that arose from ARP 31,2_f3_177-190.indd 177 ARP 31,2_f3_177-190.indd 177 3/3/2009 6:31:02 PM 3/3/2009 6:31:02 PM