Representations Reconstructing “Communities” and Uniting “Classes”: Agrarian Movements and Agrarismo in Spain, 1882-1917 Juan Pan-Montojo Autonomous University of Madrid ABSTRACT his text studies the birth of agrarian organizations and agrarism in Spain, between the 1880s and the social mobilization at the end of the Great War, underlining the communitarian and class-based representations that articulated the discourses of agrarian associations. he analysis of agrarian views of rural society and agriculture is introduced by a general summary of the European intelectual traditions upon which they were founded and the conditions that enabled these traditions to acquire grow- ing inluence toward the end of the nineteenth century. he chapter closes with an evaluation of the reasons for the failure of an agrarian political project in Spain simi- lar to those found in other countries, and assesses the efects of agrarismos on the plural “nationalization” of rural society in the early twentieth century. Este texto explica la génesis de las organizaciones agrarias y del agrarismo en España, entre la década de 1880 y la amplia movilización social al término de la Gran Guerra, centrán- dose en las representaciones comunitarias y clasistas alrededor de las cuales articuló sus discursos el asociacionismo agrario. El análisis de las visiones agraristas de la sociedad rural y la agricultura está precedido por una mirada general sobre las tradiciones intelectuales europeas en las que se fundaron y sobre las condiciones que les permitieron adquirir un nuevo protagonismo a inales del siglo XIX. El capítulo se cierra con la evaluación de las razones de la rustación de un proyecto político agrario en España, semejante a los existentes en otros países, y del impacto de los agrarismos sobre la “nacionalización” plural de la socie- dad rural en el primer siglo XX. Between the end of the 19th century and the Great War, a growing literature re- ported on and lamented the end of rural communities as they had existed “through- out history”. Viewing rural communities in terms of static, territorial, personalized relationships and institutions, ethnologists, anthropologists, geographers and histo- rians, along with academics of other disciplines, as well as literary authors, all sought to ix images of a world, urban as well as rural, that according to Durkheim or Tön-