International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 www.ijsrp.org Physico-Chemical Characterization of farmland Soil used in some villages of Lunawada Taluka. Dist : Mahisagar (Gujarat) India Swanti.A.Jain, M.S.Jagtap, K.P.Patel Chemistry Department, Shri P.N.Pandya Arts, M.P.Pandya Science & Smt.D.P.Pandya Commerce College, Lunawada-389230. Dist : Mahisagr (Gujarat) India Abstract- This Physco-Chemical study of soil is based on various parameter like PH, Electrical Conductivity(EC),Total Organic Carbon, Available Nitrogen (N), Available Phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) and available Potassium (K 2 O). This study lead us to the conclusion of the nutrient's quanity of soil of Lunawada Taluka. Dist. Mahisagr, Gujarat State. Soil sampling is the most vital step for any soil Analysis. As a very small fraction of the huge soil mass is used for analysis. It becomes extremely important to get a truly representative soil sample of the field. Result show that overage all the villages of Lunawada taluka have various parameter like EC, PH, OC,N,P,K. This information will help farmers to decide the problems related to soil nutrients amount of fertilizers to be added to soil to make production economic. Index Terms- Quality of soil, EC, PH,Total organik carban, Available P, N,K, Lunawada taluka I. INTRODUCTION oil sampling is perhaps the most vital step for any soil analysis. As a very small fraction of the huge soil mass is used for analysis, it becomes extremely important to get a truly representative soil sample of the field. Soil test based nutrient management has emerged as a key issue in efforts to increase agricultural productivity and production since optimal use of nutrients, based on soil analysis can improve crop productivity and minimize wastage of these nutrients, thus minimizing impact on environmental leading to bias through optimal production. Deficiencies of primary, secondary and micronutrients have been observed in intensive cultivated areas.[1] Several state including Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh have made commendable progress in soil testing programme in various ways. . This compendium is and effort to put together existing status of soil testing facilities state wise and highlight main issues in soil testing programme compendium on soil health [2]. Soil is important everyone either directly or indirectly. It is natural body on which agricultural product grow and it has fragile ecosystem [3,4]. Soil are medium in which crop grow to food and cloth the world. Soil fertility vital to a productive soil. Certain external factors control plant growth, air, temperature, light mechanical support, nutrients and water. Plants had elements for their growth and completion of life cycle. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc [5]. Soil samples of 10 different villages of tribal area surrounding Dahod. The physicochemical properties such as moisture content, specific gravity, PH measurement and estimations of Mg 2+ , Na + , K + and Cl - , HCO 3 - , PO 4 3- , NO 3- %of soil were well studied. The fertility of the soil depends on the concentration of N,P,K organic and inorganic materials and water. Nitrogen is required for growth of plant and is a constituent of Chlorophyll, plant protein and nuclei acid. Phosphorous is most often limiting nutrients remains present in plant nuclei and act as energy storage. It helps in transfer of energy. Potassium is found in its mineral form and affect plants all division, carbohydrate formation, translocation of Sugar, various enzyme action and resistance to certain plant disease, over 60 enzymes are known to require potassium for activation. Amount of nutrients to be added to soil for crop production depend on their present amount in that soil. Fertilizer addition is recommended, now a day an STR ( Soil Test Recommendation ) basis in which contents of major nutrients (N, P, K) are determined following standard methods before sowing. Their values suggest quality of soil in terms of its nutrients contents i.e. high, medium, or low nutrients. These nutrients content are than deduced from required amount of nutrients for following crop and this much amount of nutrients is now recommended for addition to soil [6,7]. There is no intent with this system to make any interpretation as to the potential environment impact of sensitive nutrients, such as phosphorus. This interpretation system is meant strictly for the determination of current soil suitability for agronomic or horticulture crop production. While nutrient availability can be important in gauging the potential for adverse environment effects, it is only one factor in the overall picture. Slope, ground cover, incorporation of nutrient sources, timing of application and other considerations all affect the potential movement of nutrients off-site and their potential for adverse environment impact on surface and ground water [8,9]. In cold climate, rapid root development early in the season is important. To encourage this, a small amount of starter fertilizer may be recommended for some crops even though the available level in the soil may be rated optimum or even excessive. This applies primarily to phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) recommendations, since on adequate available P level is critical in promoting early root growth. Starter fertilizer nutrient quantity is typically less than normal crop removal. Soil fertility testing is really the combination of three discrete but interrelated processes : analysis, interpretation, and recommendation [10]. Stefanic's definition [11] approaches the most the fundamental biologic feature of soil fertility. Fertility is S