REVISION OF THE CASSIDA LITIGIOSA GROUP FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CASSIDINAE) LECH BOROWIEC and JOLANTA WIÊTOJAÑSKA Zoological Institute, University of Wroc³aw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland, e-mail: cassidae@biol.uni.wroc.pl Abstract. The Cassida litigiosa group from southern Africa is revised. It comprises 13 species, 7 of them new to the science: C. chrysanthemoides (Cape), C. diversepunctata (Cape), C. foveolatipennis (Cape), C. limpopoana (S Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Mozambique), C. lycii (Cape), C. reticulipennis (Cape), and C. spatiosiformis (Cape). They are associat- ed with four plant families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Solanaceae. Ë Key words. Revision, new species, host plants, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cassida litigiosa group, southern Africa. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2001, 51(2): 153-184 MIXED COLONY OF FORMICA PRATENSIS RETZ. + FORMICA CINEREA MAYR + FORMICA SANGUINEA LATR. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) AND ITS PRESUMED ORIGIN WOJCIECH CZECHOWSKI Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail: wcz@robal.miiz.waw.pl Abstract. A case of a queenright colony of Formica pratensis Retz. mixed with the work- ers of F. cinerea Mayr and some workers of F. sanguinea Latr. is described. The colony char- acterized by this composition has evolved from a pure F. cinerea colony that had been raid- ed by F. sanguinea two years earlier. Another conflict with the same F. sanguinea revealed the composition of this colony. The presumed circumstances of the origin of the specific mixed colony are discussed in this paper. Ë Key words. Ants, Formica pratensis, Formica cinerea, Formica sanguinea, mixed colonies, social parasitism, slavery, colony founding. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2001, 51(2): 205-209