International Research Journal of Microbiology (IRJM) (ISSN: 2141-5463) Vol. 2(10) pp. 393-398, November 2011
Available online http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJM
Copyright © 2011 International Research Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of the suitability of yam, potato and cassava
root peels for bioethanol production using
Saccharomyces cerevisae
Akponah, E. And Akpomie, O.O.
Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Accepted 01 November, 2011
The feasibility of bio-ethanol production from yam, potato and cassava root peels was investigated.
Slurry of each peel was saccharified using acid, commercially available α- amylase and Aspergillus
niger which was screened and certified for amylase production. Subsequent fermentation by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae followed at room temperature for 72 hours. Composition analysis revealed
that yam, potato and cassava root peels contained 46, 96 and 114.5 (mg/g) starch respectively. Glucose
yield obtained after hydrolysis of yam peels using amylolytic fungi, enzyme and acid were 51.6, 48.7 and
78.1 (mg/g) respectively. Similarly, glucose levels of the respective potato peel hydrolysates were 160.8,
90.7 and 248.3 (mg/g). Saccharification of cassava root peels resulted into glucose concentrations of
210.4 mg/g, 110.4 mg/g and 250.0mg/g in amylolytic fungi, enzyme, and acid hydrolysates respectively.
The ethanol yield after fermentation of yam peels hydrolysed using amylolytic fungi, enzyme and acid
were 1.68, 0.56 and2.7 (%v/w) respectively. Ethanol yield from potato peels were 4.02%v/w (amylolytic
fungi hydrolysate), 1.94% v/w (enzyme hydrolysate) and 9.38% v/w (acid hydrolysate). Fermentation of
the respective cassava peel hydrolysates resulted in 10.5%v/w, 4.07% v/w and 17.52% v/w ethanol.
Results obtained suggested that increasing the fermentation duration did not result in a corresponding
increase in ethanol production hence maximum ethanol yield in various hydrolysates was at the 24
th
hour of fermentation following the order acid hydrolysates > amylolytic fungi hydrolysates > enzyme
hydrolysates. Also, in terms of substrate yield, highest ethanol production was from cassava root peels,
followed by potato peels while yam peels yielded the least ethanol concentration. This research
therefore, indicates that these peels could serve as cheap sources of glucose which can be fermented
locally for bio-ethanol production especially in areas where they are in abundance.
Keywords: Amylase, Hydrolysates, Bio-ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Yam Potato and Cassava
peels.
INTRODUCTION
There is an increasing demand for ethanol production
through fermentation processes all over the globe as oil
reserves are dwindling and prices are soaring (Brooks,
2008). The high prices have led to energy crises in both
developing and developed countries that are oil
dependent. According to Naylor et al., 2007, “biofuels will
remain a critical energy development target in many parts
of the world if petroleum prices exceed US $ 55 – 60 per
barrel.”
*Corresponding author E-mail: bunmakp@yahoo.com
At the global level, Brazil has been the world leading
producer of biofuel and recently, Nigeria joined the
league of biofuel users with the aim of generating wealth
(Aisien et al., 2010). The design had generally been
production from sugarcane and cassava. Klass (1998)
categorized cassava alongside with sweet potato and
yam as main starches that serve as staple foods for
people through the world’s hot and humid regions. These
plants are so proficient at supplying essential calories
that they are considered the quintessential subsistent
crops. However, the success of these starch crops as
staple foods limits their potential development and
general economic growth, for instance, cassava which