12
Shaw Bronner, Ph.D., P.T., O.C.S., Director, ADAM Center, Dept. of Physical
herapy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA and Director, Physical herapy
Services at Alvin Ailey, New York, New York. Sara Rakov D.P.T., Physical
herapist, Physical herapy Services at Alvin Ailey, New York, New York.
Correspondence: Shaw Bronner, Ph.D., P.T., O.C.S., ADAM Center, Department
of Physical herapy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115; shaw.bronner@gmail.com.
Copyright © 2014 J. Michael Ryan Publishing, Inc.
htp://dx.doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.18.1.12
Abstract
As the technical performance demands
of dance increase, professional companies
and pre-professional schools are
implementing pre-season screenings that
require an eicient, cost efective way to
measure dancer aerobic itness. he aim
of this study was to assess an accelerated
3-minute step test (112 beats·min
-1
)
by comparing it to the well-studied
YMCA step test (96 beats·min
-1
) and
a benchmark standard, an incremental
treadmill test, using heart rate (HR)
and oxygen consumption (VO
2
) as
variables. Twenty-six professional and pre-
professional dancers (age 20 ± 2.02 years)
were itted with a telemetric gas analysis
system and HR monitor. hey were tested
in the following order: 96 step, 112 step,
and treadmill test, with rest to return to
baseline heart rate between each test. he
step and treadmill tests were compared
using Intra-class Correlation Coeicients
[ICC (3,k)] calculated with analysis of
variance (p < 0.05). To determine whether
there was a relationship between peak and
recovery HR (HR
peak
, HR
recov
) and VO
2
(VO
2peak
, VO
2recov
) variables, Pearson
product moment correlations were used.
Diferences due to gender or group (pre-
professionals versus professionals) were
explored with MANOVAs for HR
peak
,
VO
2peak
, HR
recov
, VO
2recov
, and itness
category. The 112 step test produced
higher HR
peak
and VO
2peak
values than
the 96 step test, reflecting a greater
workload (p < 0.001). For HR
peak
, there
were high correlations (r = 0.71) and for
HR
recov
, moderate correlations (r = 0.60)
between the 112 step test and treadmill
test. For VO
2peak
and VO
2recov
, there were
moderate correlations between the 112
step test and treadmill test (r = 0.65 and
0.73). No diferences between genders for
VO
2peak
values were found for either step
test, but males displayed lower HR
peak
values for both step tests and higher
VO
2peak
values during the treadmill test
(p < 0.001). Recovery HR was lower in
males for the 96 and 112 step tests (p <
0.05). his was relected in higher itness
scores. here were no diferences between
groups in any of the variables when only
females were compared. For the 112
step test, correlations between HR
peak
and HR
recov
were high (r = 0.85), and
correlations between HR
peak
and itness
category were very high (r = 0.98). It is
concluded that the 112 step test provides
an eicient, acceptable tool for testing
dance populations, though further testing
in larger groups of dancers representing a
diverse range of genres and training levels
is needed.
T
he technical demands of
dance performance have in-
creased over the years, requir-
ing greater general itness to meet the
requisite skill requirements. Dance
medicine health professionals and
scientists have strived to assist dancers
in meeting these demands through
screening of physiological parameters,
such as aerobic itness, strength, and
lexibility.
1-14
Pre-season screening of groups of
dancers is becoming a standardized
annual practice across professional
companies and universities.
2,14-19
he
focus of a pre-season screen is to
detect red lags indicating potential
health problems and to assess whether
each dancer has an acceptable level of
preparedness to begin rehearsals or
pre-professional training.
17,20,21
To be
accepted by professional companies,
pre-season screens must also be ef-
icient. Currently, the Dance/USA
post-hire health screen allows only
20 minutes in total per professional
dancer for the assessment of medical
history, vital signs, itness, and other
physiologic measures. Hence, there is
a need for a simple, short test of aero-
bic itness that can be used in “ield”
settings, such as dance studios.
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO
2
max) is related to the intensity of
physical work capacity and is ac-
cepted as the criterion indicator of
cardiorespiratory itness and aerobic
performance.
22
Generally, VO
2
max
is determined using one of a number
An Accelerated Step Test to Assess Dancer
Pre-season Aerobic Fitness
Shaw Bronner, Ph.D., P.T., O.C.S., and Sara Rakov, D.P.T.