Dara Aisyah et al./ Elixir Social Studies 74 (2014) 27065-27071 27065
Introduction
Eradicating poverty is an important basis of Malaysia's
development agenda as the aim of the New Economic Policy
(NEP), from 1971 to 1990, is to reduce poverty rates from 49.3
percent in 1970 to 16.7 percent in 1990. Next, under the
National Development Policy (DPN), 1991-2000, the goal was
to reduce poverty rate to 7.2 percent and the rate of extreme
poverty to 0.5 percent in 2000. Under the National Vision Policy
(DWN), 2001-2010, poverty rate would be reduced to 0.5
percent by 2005. Malaysia has been able to achieve the goal of
reducing poverty from 52.4 percent in 1970 to 3.8 percent in
2009. In 10
th
Malaysia Plan (2010-2015) Malaysia has targeted
to increase the average income for 40 percent of the households
from RM 1440 in 2009 to RM 2300, and the poverty rate would
be reduced to 2.0 percent in 2015.
Although poverty has been reduced, the agriculture and
fisheries sectors still has a high incidence of poverty. As for
today, the problem of poverty is still considered as a formidable
social disease. Variety of ways have been implemented to
eliminate poverty such as providing programs that can increase
revenue, providing training programs to enhance skills, morale
and productivity, land clearance programs, education programs,
agricultural subsidies and provision of micro-credit system. In
addition, poverty mapping is made available in urban and rural
areas as one of the ways to show government's serious effort to
reduce poverty and eradicate hardcore poverty in the country, as
well as to improve the quality of life of the poor in rural areas in
accordance to the government policies, which related to poverty
alleviation and rural development.
The fisheries sector is important in the development of
agriculture in this country which contributes 1.47 percent of
Gross Domestic Product (KDNK). Although the percentage was
small compared to other sectors fisheries still remains the main
manufacturers’ source of protein for people's diet for this
country and provide employment opportunities to 82,200
fishermen (Report of the Social, Economic Fishermen 1998). In
an effort to increase the income of poor households in the
agricultural sector, the Skim Pembangunan Kesejahteraan
Rakyat (SPKR) and specific programs with the objective to
diversify the sources of income of farmers, breeders and
fishermen has been widened to provide the benefit to a greater
number of households (Rancangan Malaysia ke-9, 2006).
Although the fisheries sector has undergone major changes in
terms of technology and the number of landings, the economic
status of fishing communities in the country is still relatively
low (Salim Amin, 2012).
Malaysia is one of the countries identified by the World
Bank as having a successful economic community. However,
there are still farmers, breeders and fishermen who have yet to
enjoy the outgrowth of development as if they remained on the
sidelines development process (Muhyiddin, 2004). Malaysia
focuses on human capital development, especially among the
Social welfare development program among coastal community (SPKMP) in
kuala Terengganu: a preliminary assessment on the performance of the
program
Dara Aisyah
1,*
, Khatijah Omar
2
and Noor Fadhiha Mokhtar
2
1
Center of Society Development (CSD), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
2
School of Maritime Business and Management), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
ABSTRACT
SPKMP is a public programme with the objective of uplifting the level of wellness
among coastal community particularly the poor households. Since its inception in 2001,
the programme has undergone several phases of improvement. However, until now
living conditions of the coastal poor households remain unchanged. The present study
aimed at assessing performance of SPKMP in terms of implementation of the program
as well as the performance of the organizations that involved in the program,
particularly looking into the mechanism used in managing the program with special
reference to district of Kuala Terengganu. By using official records and reports from
various agencies at the central level and district offices besides observation and in-depth
interviews with households and officials at the agencies involved, the study discovered
some interesting findings. Firstly, the principles serve as a guideline for the
implementation of the program were not followed by the implementing agencies at the
district level. Various malpractices were also detected. Secondly, the evaluation showed
that most of the program outputs cannot help the fishermen to increase their household
income and savings. Thirdly, the marine resources are depleting, therefore the fishermen
are not able to increase their catch. Furthermore, coastal communities have not received
sufficient assistance in the program so they do not get the necessary moral support. This
study shows that the development agencies have not been able to implement the
program properly because of weak and inefficient management. Policies, strategies and
activities that are more suitable are needed to improve the program.
© 2014 Elixir All rights reserved.
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 13 July 2014;
Received in revised form:
21 August 2014;
Accepted: 12 September 2014;
Keywords
SPKMP, Performance,
Output evaluation,
Management,
Malpractices and Inefficiency.
Elixir Social Studies 74 (2014) 27065-27071
Social Studies
Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)
Tele:
E-mail addresses: d.aisyah@umt.edu.my
© 2014 Elixir All rights reserved