Creative Education
2014. Vol.5, No.2, 104-113
Published Online February 2014 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ce ) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.52017
The Pedagogical Implications of Implementing New Technologies
to Enhance Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes
Alison Sammel, Katie Weir, Christopher Klopper
School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Email: a.sammel@griffith.edu.au
Received September 20
th
, 2013; revised October 20
th
, 2013; accepted October 27
th
, 2013
Copyright © 2014 Alison Sammel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
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This paper reports the findings of research conducted by three teacher educators about the effects on
teaching and learning from implementing a variety of digital technologies in their undergraduate courses.
The aim of this study was to assess the degree to which certain university supported digital technologies
assisted in promoting student engagement and participation in collaborative learning. The data are based
on the semester long experiences of the three lecturers and their students. From this data emerged an ho-
listic picture that highlights which of the implemented digital technologies constrains or enables particular
pedagogical aspects such as communication of course requirements; student engagement, meaningful
formative feedback; and deep connections between course elements. This picture assisted the authors in
generating a matrix for implementing certain digital technologies that cater for diverse learning styles, and
diversely experience an interest in using technology. The theoretical framework for building the matrix is
based on Collins, Brown and Newman’s (1990) Cognitive Apprenticeship Model. It is also underpinned
by the suggestions that as “teachers” we too often overlook whether or not our students have the requisite
skills to engage with technologies because of tacit assumptions about how this generation of students
wants to learn. Likewise, the same can be said of those who provide professional development sessions
for staff who are learning how to use new technologies and who often appear to make similar assump-
tions.
Keywords: Digital Technologies; Online Education; Pre-Service Teacher Education
Introduction
Walking into any university course in Australia, or indeed
around the world, you will find students who have different
reasons for attending, different levels of motivation, different
attitudes and expectations towards their learning, and different
responses to technology. Understanding these differences not
only allows teaching staff to better cater to the diverse learning
needs of their students, but can also increase student engage-
ment, satisfaction and retention (Felder & Brent, 2005). Sey-
mour and Hewitt (1997) showed that many of the students who
drop out of university courses or programs do so not because
they are the weaker students, but because they are not engaged
with their learning and feel dissatisfaction with their education-
al instruction. To advance the reputation of the university, and
to increase student retention, efforts to increase student en-
gagement with learning materials and improving student satis-
faction with courses have been an important goal within uni-
versities for some time (Moosmayer & Siems, 2012). By re-
flecting on university courses that students find successful,
patterns endorsed by universities emerge. Patterns such as
creating supportive places where students can easily and effec-
tively interact with one another, the university teaching staff
and the course materials. In these successful courses, high le-
vels of student engagement are achieved. Students who are
engaged perceive that they learn more, and become more satis-
fied with the learning experience (Arbaugh, 2008; Boston et al.,
2009; Garrison & Arbaugh, 2007; Garrison & Cleveland-Innes,
2005; Richardson & Swan, 2003; Rubin et al., 2013; Swan,
2002). Research has found strong links between successful
courses, effective use of technology and student achievement
and contentment (Liaw, 2008; Levy, 2008). Specifically, tech-
nology used to support university courses can directly affect
student satisfaction and success through promoting ease of
interaction and understanding of course materials, increase
facilitation between students and faculty, improve feedback,
and encourage interactive and independent learning (Selim,
2007). For this reason, this study will examine how three aca-
demic staff members and their students assess certain digital
technologies in the promotion of student engagement, and staff
and student satisfaction.
Theoretical Background: Task-Technology Fit
To gain a greater understanding of the factors that influence
technology use, student engagement, and staff and student sa-
tisfaction with technology, it is helpful to explore task-tech-
nology fit theory. Goodhue and Thompson (1995) suggest that
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