© American Association for Italian Studies 2013 DOI 10.1179/0161462213Z.00000000017
italian culture, Vol. xxxi No. 2, September 2013, 91–109
Mothers, Daughters, Dolls: On Disgust
in Elena Ferrante’s La figlia oscura
Stiliana Milkova
Oberlin College, Ohio, USA
This article suggests disgust as a framework for approaching the novels of
contemporary Italian writer Elena Ferrante. More specifically, it proposes
disgust as the operative trope of Ferrante’s figurations of daughterhood,
motherhood, and the (pregnant) female body. Ferrante’s novel, La figlia
oscura (2006) narrates the experiences of motherhood and femininity through
its middle-aged protagonist’s obsession with a young mother, her daughter,
and the daughter’s pregnant doll. Images of rotting fruit, insects, oozing
wounds, dark gaping mouths, vomit, wombs, worms, snot, sweat, and slime
permeate and enliven the text in key narrative moments which always
revolve around the doll. Thus, the doll provides us with a case study for
examining the workings of disgust in the novel. Read against the backdrop
of Ferrante’s own theoretical apparatus, la frantumaglia, and in the context
of Western thought on disgust, La figlia oscura can be said to employ the
disgusting to problematize motherhood and daughterhood as normative,
transparent categories. The article argues that, ultimately, disgust in
Ferrante’s texts opens up space for transgression and liberation so that
feminine identity becomes slippery and hence can be negotiated across the
“threshold of repugnance” that disgust establishes and maintains.
keywords Elena Ferrante, frantumaglia, La figlia oscura, disgust, motherhood,
pregnancy, feminine experience, Italian women’s writing
Elena Ferrante is the pseudonym of a contemporary Italian writer who has kept
her identity a secret over the past twenty years. Her novels have caused a stir on the
Italian literary scene because they explore bad or unnatural mother–daughter gene-
alogies: daughters disgusted by their mothers to the point of celibacy, mothers who
abandon their daughters, or who nurse inanimate objects. In Ferrante’s world, these
women seek to escape their prescribed feminine roles but, inevitably, succumb to the
injunctions of a male-dominated order. Paradoxically, their only escape is through
the disgust evoked by motherhood, by the pregnant female body, and by the
Neapolitan dialect of their mothers. This strong emotion breaks down established