American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 7 (1): 1-7, 2012
ISSN 1557-4962
© 2012 Science Publications
1
Electroanalytical Determination of
Doripenem using a Screen-Printed Electrode
Nora H. Al-Shaalan
Department of Chemistry, College of Science,
Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: Problem statement: The performance characteristics of Sensitive Screen-Printed (SPE) and
Carbon Paste (CPE) electrodes were investigated for the Determination of Doripenem (DP) in pure,
pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Approach: The proposed electrodes is
characterized in terms of plasticizer type, response time, pH and temperature. Results: The two
electrodes showed nearly Nernstian behaviours over the concentration range of 2×10
-4
-5×10
-2
mol/l of
the drug with slopes of 58 and 57 mV/decade for SPE and CPE electrodes, respectively. The electrodes
exhibited good selectivity for DP with respect to a large number of inorganic cations and organic
substances present in the biological fluids. The method was precise, as shown by the mean recoveries of
99.49-100 and 98.49-99.49% with mean relative standard deviations 0.38-0.78 and 0.60-0.90% for SPE
and CPE electrodes, respectively. Conclusion: Doripenem was determined successfully in pure solutions,
in vials or in biological fluids using the standard addition and potentiometric titration methods.
Key words: Screen-printed electrode, potentiometric titration, doripenem, biological fluids
INTRODUCTION
Doripenem (DP) (S-4661) (Fig. 1) is a recently
developed member of the carbapenem class of beta-
lactam antibiotics. Similarly to meropenem and
ertapenem, but unlike imipenem, doripenem has a 1-β-
methyl side chain that provides resistance to the renal
enzyme I-dehydropeptidase. It was approved by the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007 for the
management of patients with complicated intra-
abdominal infections (dAIs) and complicated Urinary
Tract Infections (cUTIs), including pyelonephritis
(Mori et al., 1996). DP has been shown to have broad-
spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-
positive pathogens, including strains of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Jones et al., 2005; Wexler et al., 2005).
DP, similar to other carbapenems, was developed for
the treatment of hospitalised patients with moderate or
severe bacterial infections (Jones et al., 2004)
Doripenem has been determined in its
pharmaceutical formulation and in plasma using
different techniques, including spectrophotometry
(Piontek and Ska, 2010) chromatography High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with
various detection methods (Sutherland and Nicolau,
2007; Ikeda et al., 2008) and liquid chromatography
(Dailly et al., 2011; Ohmori et al., 2011). The
development and application of ion-selective electrodes
for pharmaceutical analysis continue to be of interest
because these sensors offer the advantage of simple
design and operation, reasonable selectivity, fast
response, applicability to coloured and turbid solutions
and possible interface with automated and computerised
systems (Santini et al., 2008). For these advantages,
ISEs have found various applications: in clinical
chemistry, environmental protection, water, soil and
analytical chemistry in general (Kormosh et al., 2008).
Over the past five decades, carbon paste (i.e., a
mixture of carbon (graphite) powder and a binder
(pasting liquid)) has become one of the most popular
electrode materials used for the laboratory preparation
of various electrodes, sensors and detectors. Chemically
Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes (CMCPEs) possess
important advantages, such as ease of preparation, or
regeneration and very stable response in addition to
very low Ohmic resistance (Svancara et al., 2009).
Therefore, CMCPEs have found direct application in a
variety of analytical situations, such as amperometry
(Ozoemena et al., 2004; Malongo et al., 2008),
voltammetry (Mashhadizadeh and Akbarian, 2009) and
potentiometry (Mostafa and Homoda, 2008).
In this study, we introduced new potentiometric
sensors for selective determination of DP in
pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The
present study describes the preparation, characterisation
and application of Carbon Paste (CPE) and Screen-
Printed (SPE) electrodes for the continuous
determination of DP in pharmaceutical preparations.