Communication Theory ISSN 1050-3293
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Beyond Problem Solving: Reconceptualizing
the Work of Public Deliberation as
Deliberative Inquiry
Martín Carcasson
1
& Leah Sprain
2
1 Department of Communication Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
2 Department of Communication, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
his article introduces deliberative inquiry (DI), a practical theory designed to guide the
work of deliberative practitioners working in their local communities to better address
wicked problems by improving the quality of public discourse. DI reconceptualizes the
work of public deliberation as sparking and sustaining a unique form of inquiry suited to
addressing wicked problems. DI moves from a linear event-focused model where delibera-
tion produces reined public opinion and decision outcomes to using deliberative principles
to guide a cyclical learning process. DI seeks to improve community decision making by
focusing on obstacles to deliberative engagement, deliberative tensions inherent to wicked
problems, and resources for collaborative action. Understanding of these elements is reined
throughout the 4 tasks of the deliberative cycle.
Keywords: Deliberation, Inquiry, Collaboration, Wicked Problems, Deliberative Practitioner.
doi:10.1111/comt.12055
Many of the problems plaguing local communities are wicked problems (Rittel &
Webber, 1973)—problems that are “ill-formulated, involve uncertainty and con-
fusing information, have many decision-makers and afected parties with diferent
and conlicting values, and promise ramiications for the whole system” (Ferkany &
Whyte, 2012, p. 3). Such problems pose particular governance and communication
challenges. Most importantly for our purposes, the systemic and paradoxical nature
of wicked problems means they cannot be solved in the sense that a solution can be
identiied and implemented that results in the problem being settled for any signif-
icant time frame. Rather than attempting to solve wicked problems, communities
need better processes for discovering, understanding, and managing the tensions and
paradoxes inherent within systemic, value-laden problems. As Charles Handy (1995)
argues:
Corresponding author: Martín Carcasson; e-mail: mcarcas@colostate.edu
Communication Theory (2015) © 2015 International Communication Association 1