JoEAM (2014) 1-8 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics
ISSN: 2230-9845 (online), ISSN: 2321-516X (print)
Volume 5, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of EN 24 Steel after
Austempering and Martempering
Tridib Kumar Mahata*
Manipal Institute of technology, Manipal, Karnataka-576104
Abstract
The mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for a particular condition.
Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel.
The present work aims at experimentally investigating the effects of normalizing,
austempering and timed quenching on AISI 4340 steel. The material was machined to
ASTM standards and then different tests like microstructure analysis, hardness test,
impact test, and were carried out after the heat treatment processes. All the tests were
carried out in the mechanical workshops and laboratories under the supervision of their
respective faculty, at the MIT campus, Manipal. It was found that normalized steel was
least hard and while timed quenched steel was hardest. The ASTM grain size affirmed
these results by displaying a similar trend. An increase in brittleness was observed with
the increase in hardness, with the timed quenched specimen displaying the least impact
strength. Heat treatment is necessary to obtain the required mechanical and physical
properties for a material to make it suitable for fabrication. For this reason, the
knowledge of heat treatment is necessary to suitably condition the material for the
subsequent stages of manufacture, or in the case of semi-finished component to impart the
desired mechanical and physical properties such as increased strength, toughness and
wear resistance. Heat treatment is also resorted to relieve internal stresses and to soften
hard metals in order to improve machinability. The outstanding advantage of steel as an
engineering material is due to its versatility. Its properties can be controlled and changed
at will by the heat treatment. Thus, if steel is to be formed into some intricate shape, it
can be made very soft and ductile by the heat treatment, if, on the other hand, it is to
resist water, it can be heat treated to a very hard, wear-resisting condition.
Keywords: Austempering, martempering, tensile, steel
*Author for Correspondence E-mail:
INTRODUCTION
Heat treatment is a combination of heating and
cooling operations carried out on a metal or
alloy in the solid state so as to produce a
particular microstructure and hence the desired
properties. The objective of heat treatment is
to improve the mechanical properties like
tensile strength, impact strength, to improve
machinability, to improve Hardness, to modify
magnetic and electrical properties, to refine the
grains, to produce hard surfaces and soft
interiors, to relieve internal stresses and
residual stress, to overcome the effects of
strain hardening and restore ductile properties.
Applications on EN24 Steel: is used in
components subject to high stress and with a
large cross section. AISI 4340 alloy steel is
mainly used in power transmission gears and
shafts, aircraft landing gear and other
structural parts. It is also used in heavy-duty
axles, spindles, pins, studs, collets, bolts,
couplings, sprockets, torsion bars, connecting
rods, crow bars, conveyor parts etc. EN24 steel
is a high tensile alloy steel renowned for its
wear resistance properties and also where high
strength properties are required.
EN 24 Equivalents
BS970: 1955 EN24
BS970/PD970: 1970 onwards 817M40
European 34CrNiMo6
Werkstoff No. 1.6582
US SAE (AISI) 4340