266 Counselor Education & Supervision • June 2010 • Volume 49
© 2010 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.
Using National Education Longitudinal Data
Sets in School Counseling Research
Julia A. Bryan, Norma L. Day-Vines, Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, &
Cheryl Moore-Thomas
National longitudinal databases hold much promise for school
counseling researchers. Several of the more frequently used data
sets, possible professional implications, and strategies for acquiring
training in the use of large-scale national data sets are described. A
6-step process for conducting research with the data sets is ex-
plicated: determining research questions, accessing the data set,
understanding the study’s sample design, determining an analytic
sample, considering pertinent data analysis issues, and understand-
ing the limitations of using the data sets. Suggestions for preparing
school counseling researchers and potential themes for future research
are outlined.
Several researchers have documented that the school counseling
profession lacks research demonstrating the effectiveness of K–12
school counseling programs and interventions (Sink, 2006; Whiston,
2002; Whiston & Sexton, 1998). School counselors’ seemingly limited
response to the paucity of evidence that school counseling programs
actually increase student achievement and success may further
exacerbate this problem. In 1988, Loesch concluded that research
has not been “valued, emphasized, or endorsed as an important role
function for school counselors” (p. 170). This disturbing conclusion
reached over 20 years ago seems to have had little to no effect on
the production of research on school counseling effectiveness or
practice. This may place the school counseling profession and the
children it serves at risk as important yet unanswered questions
related to the effectiveness and relevance of the school counseling
profession remain.
School counseling research that uses current national longi-
tudinal databases provides one opportunity to rectify the lack of
rigorous research that puts the school counseling profession at
risk (Whiston, 2002). National longitudinal data sets function as
an important source of information about schools, students, and
families because studies that draw on national databases have
strong external validity and statistical power (Perna, 2007). High
response rates (e.g., 94% for the National Education Longitudinal
Julia A. Bryan, Department of Counseling and Personnel Services, University of
Maryland; Norma L. Day-Vines, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, The
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, Department
of Counseling and Human Services, Johns Hopkins University; Cheryl Moore-Thomas,
Education Specialties, Loyola University Maryland. Correspondence concerning
this article should be addressed to Julia A. Bryan, Department of Counseling and
Personnel Services, College of Education, University of Maryland, 3234A Benjamin
Building, College Park, MD 20742 (e-mail: jabryan@umd.edu).