2 nd International Conference On Biotechnology Applications In Agriculture (ICBAA), Benha University, Moshtohor and Hurghada, 8-12, April 2014, Egypt Nano-Biotechnology and Bio-systems Engineering, 15-24 15 Energy Consumption in Manufacturing Different Types of Feeds Dabbour, M., Bahnasawy, A., Ali, S. and Z. El- Haddad Agric. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric.,Benha Univ., Egypt E-mail: adel.bahnasawy@fagr.bu.edu.eg Abstract The determination of the energy consumption in manufacturing different type of feeds, rabbit, poultry and large animal feeds(pellets and crushed), was the main aim of this study. This was achieved by determining the energy consumed in each stage of processing to assess the most consumable stage in the different types of feed. The results indicated that the total specific energy consumed were 243.55, 217.25 and 100.67 kJ/kg for rabbits, poultry and large animals feed pellets, respectively. The crushed feed processing consumed less energy where it was 30.70 and 30.82 kJ/kg for large animals and poultry, respectively.In comparison between the specific energy consumption of different types of feeds, it could be concluded that to produce one kg of rabbit feed pellets consumed energy as 2.43 times as of large animals feed pellets and 8 times as of the energy consumed of crushed feed of large animals. It is worth to mention that pelletizing process was the most consumable stage of feed manufacturing, where, it consumed 80.76, 83.26 and 64.36% of the total energy consumed of rabbits, poultry and large animals feed pellets, respectively. Keywords: Energy, feed manufacturing, feed pellet, pelletization grinding Introduction Energy is one of the most critical input resources in the manufacturing industries. In most cases, energy cost outweighs the costs of other resources such as raw material, labors, depreciation and maintenance (Fadare, 2003).Energy is one of the most important material bases for the economic growth and social development of a country or region. Scientific forecasts and analysis of energy consumption will be of great importance for the planning of energy strategies and policies. Nowadays, energy usage in agriculture has been intensified in response to continued growth of human population, tendency for an overall improved standard of living and limited supply of arable land; thus, the farmers use their inputs in excess and inefficiently, particularly when the inputs have low price or are available in plenty. The enhancement of energy efficiency not only helps in improving competitiveness through cost reduction, also results in minimized energy-related environmental pollution, thus positively contributing towards sustainable development (Kizilaslan, 2009 and Ghorbaniet al., 2010). Kilbornet al.(1982) found that the total specific milling energy ranged from 46 kJ·kg −1 for soft wheat cultivars to 124 kJ·kg −1 for durum wheat.Dziki(2008) reported that the specific grinding energy of uncrushed kernels ranged from 72.3 to 146.7 kJ·kg −1 and from 67.0 to 114.4 kJ·kg −1 for Turnia and Slade, respectively. The crushing caused a decrease of specific grinding energy in both cultivars. The total specific grinding energy of crushed kernels (the sum of crushing energy and grinding energy) ranged from 47.6 to 100.5 kJ·kg −1 and from 44.6 to 85.3 kJ·kg −1 for hard and soft wheat, respectively. Dziki and Laskowski (2006) presented the results concerning the influence of grain mechanical properties on wheat grinding energy requirements. The investigations were carried out on 10 wheat varieties (grain moisture was 15%). The results showed that the specific grinding energy ranged from 22 to 37 kJ.kg -1 . The grinding efficiency index ranged from 0.215 to 0.342 m 2 .kg -1 . Kulig and Laskowski(2005) studied the increase in fat concentration in feed material from 2 to 5.5% reducesenergy consumption during pelleting by 30%.In general, the specific energy required for pelleting (i.e., energy consumed by the pellet mill motor) may range from 4 to 40 kWh/t (Stevens, 1987; Israelsenet al., 1981 and Tabilet al., 1997). In addition, steam conditioning/preheating the feed may require considerable energy. For example, Skochet al. (1981)estimated that steam conditioning to increase the temperature from 27 to 80 ο C consumed about 26 kWh/t. Steam add in its pelleting operations improves pellet durability. Added steam provides heat and moisture and it also helps to reduce energy consumption during pelleting. There is no known report in the literature on the energy requirements of feed processing operations as practiced in Egypt. Such information is vital so as to enable the management of this industry to develop strategies for better control of their production operations and modify areas of waste. It will also enable the management to properly appraise their energy consumption for effective planning of production network. The study will provide an opportunity for having a reliable database concerning consumption of various types of energy by different users in feed processing ventures. It will also provide a firm basis of identifying options for saving energy in feed process operations; therefore, the main aim of the present study is to study and evaluate energy consumption in the concentrated feed manufacturing