Communication, Culture & Critique ISSN 1753-9129
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Episode III: Enjoy Poverty : An Aesthetic Virus
of Political Discomfort
Caitlin Frances Bruce
Department of Communication Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
his article considers Renzo Martens’s controversial 2008 ilm, Episode III ( Enjoy
Poverty). Martens’s ilm is a conceptual ilm that satirizes documentaries about poverty
in Africa by exposing the ways in which consumers of poverty images enjoy such images.
It argues that the ilm, which creates troubling identiications and disidentiications for
a Western spectator, ofers a politically productive lesson on the power of discomfort to
disrupt unethical image practices. Communication studies scholars have engaged in these
conversations via studies about identiication and disidentiication and the documentary
genre; afect in cinematic media; and more directly, through work that investigates the
perils of cookie-cutter frames for representing (racialized) poverty.
Keywords: Identiication, Disidentiication, Documentary Film, Afect, Photography,
Sentimentality, Politics of Representation.
doi:10.1111/cccr.12109
“To photograph is to appropriate the thing photographed. It means putting
oneself into a certain relation to the world that feels like knowledge—and,
therefore, like power.” Susan Sontag, On Photography (1977)
Susan Sontag’s opening salvo in her landmark essay, On Photography, encapsulates
a longstanding anxiety about photographic practice. To picture the world is to have
(or believe one has) power over it. Moreover, the passage implies that belief in such
knowledge feels powerful, yet, such agentive inlation involves an act of unsanctioned
capture. hus, in Sontag’s view, photography occupies a slippery ethical location and,
at best, a questionable epistemological one. From the muckraker journalism of Jacob
Riis and fellows photography has played a key role as political and documentary tech-
nology, relied upon heavily to promote humanitarian aid projects (Chouliaraki, 2010;
Manzo, 2008), using images as forms of evidence with the implied belief that seeing
can be tied to action. Lamentably, such well-intentioned practices frequently serve to
Corresponding author: Caitlin Frances Bruce; e-mail: bruce.caitlin@gmail.com
Communication, Culture & Critique (2015) © 2015 International Communication Association 1