LCA IN NORTH AMERICA
Who Cares About Life Cycle Assessment?
A Survey of 900 Prospective Life Cycle Assessment
Practitioners
Eric Masanet and Yuan Chang
Introduction
In the past few decades, life cycle assessment (LCA) has
evolved from a niche application into a mainstream method-
ology for guiding environmental decisions related to products,
policies, business strategies, and environmental communica-
tions. As such, it is clear that LCA practice is no longer limited
Our cohort was drawn from
students enrolled in a massive
open online course (MOOC) ti-
tled ‘How Green is That Prod-
uct? An Introduction to Life
Cycle Environmental Assess-
ment.’ Given the global nature
of MOOCs, our survey included
wider geographic representation
than . . . previous . . . surveys
to a dedicated few engineers and scien-
tists; rather, it is increasingly being utilized
within a large number of professions and for
a wide variety of sustainability objectives.
Previous surveys have shed light on the
applications, methods, and challenges of
experienced LCA analysts. This journal
has published two such surveys, both of
which offered useful windows into the state
of LCA practice. Cooper and Fava sur-
veyed 65 LCA practitioners in 2006 and fo-
cused on their job functions, how and why
they used LCA, and the difficulties faced
when performing LCAs (Cooper and Fava
2006). In 2011, Teixeira and Pax adapted
the Cooper and Fava survey to query an
additional 117 LCA practitioners (Teixeira and Pax 2011),
primarily from the agri-food industries. Both surveys provided
useful insights on LCA applications and challenges related to
LCA methods and data sources.
This column presents survey results for a different, but
equally important, cohort: prospective LCA practitioners. We
define prospective LCA practitioners as those with little or
no LCA experience who are in the early stages of their for-
mal LCA training. Understanding the skills, professions, and
intended applications of prospective LCA practitioners can
provide insights into the characteristics and expectations of
future LCA analysts. By considering the needs of both cur-
rent and prospective LCA practitioners, the LCA commu-
© 2014 by Yale University
DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12189
Volume 18, Number 6
nity can make broader-reaching methodological and pedagog-
ical improvements to enable wider adoption of LCA moving
forward.
Our cohort was drawn from students enrolled in a mas-
sive open online course (MOOC) titled “How green is that
product? An introduction to life cycle environmental assess-
ment.” This 9-week MOOC was offered in January 2014
through the Coursera platform (Masanet
2014). The MOOC introduced students
to quantitative aspects of LCA, including
constructing unit process models, compil-
ing life cycle inventories (LCIs), conduct-
ing impact assessments, and interpreting
results within the context of the Inter-
national Organization for Standardization
(ISO) 14040 series of standards. Upon en-
rollment, students were asked to complete
a precourse survey. Nearly 2,500 students
responded to the survey, which provides a
much larger sample size than previous sur-
veys of LCA practitioners. Our informal
survey was not designed for rigorous statis-
tical analysis, but rather to identify broad characteristics among
the student body.
Given the global nature of MOOCs, our survey included
wider geographic representation than the previous two surveys,
in which 90% of respondents were from North America and
Europe. Of our respondents, 34% were from Europe, 31% were
from North America, 21% were from Asia (predominantly from
India and China), 10% were from Central and South America,
2% were from Africa, and 2% were from Australasia. These re-
sults may reflect a growing interest in LCA beyond its historical
strongholds of North America and Europe and should lend this
survey a more globally representative perspective than previous
surveys.
www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jie Journal of Industrial Ecology 787