Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection, 9(2): 11-20.2014
© Egyptian Society of Plant Protection.2014
INFLUENCE OF TWO PASTEURIA PENETRANS ISOLATES AT DIFFERENT
APPLICATION TYPE ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.)
Mahdy, M. E.
1
; Mousa, E. M.
1
and Heba Y. Al-Sisi
2
1
Dept. of Agric. Botany ,Fac. Of Agric., Minufiya Univ., , Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
2
Dept. Of Nematode Res., Inst. Of Plant Pathol., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
ABSTRACT
Two P. penetrans isolates namely: Pp Japanese and Egyptian were used at different
three types: pp infected root powder, spore suspension and attached larvae as a biocontrol
agent against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants under greenhouse
conditions. Results revealed that the effective treatment obtained with Pp Japanese isolate
as a pp root infected powder, where all nematode parameters significantly reduced
compared to plants treated with nematode alone. Egyptian isolate appeared promise result
when applied also as a pp root infected powder and as a spore suspension. The lowest
effect was noticed with Pp Japanese isolate when applied as attached larvae. Results
indicate that the highest Pp infected females recorded with Pp Japanese isolate as a root
powder, followed by Pp Egyptian isolate as a spore suspension, whereas the lowest Pp
infected females recorded with Pp Japanese isolate as a attached larvae.
Key words: Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp.; Pasteuria penetrans; Tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).
INTRODUCTION
The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne
spp.) are sedentary endoparasites and are
among the most damaging agricultural
pests, attacking a wide range of crops
(Sikora and Grico, 1993). The infection
starts with root penetration of second stage
juveniles hatched in soil from eggs
encapsulated in egg masses laid by the
females on the infected roots (Barker et al.,
1985).
Chemical control is becoming more and
more expensive because of increased
costs in the synthesis of new compound
and their use is increasingly undesirable
because of environmental hazards
associated with their application. Now
some attention has been given to biological
control of plant-parasitic nematodes with
the use of natural enemies as a safe and
cheap alternative method to chemical
control (Gowen and Ahmed, 1990).
Encouraging results were obtained with
the use of Pasteuria penetrans as a
biological control agent of nematodes on
different crops (Zaki and Maqbool, 1991 a).
P. penetrans is an endospore-forming,
gram-positive bacterium that is considered
an important parasite of several of the
agriculturally important Meloidogyne spp.
Within this bacterial species exist strains
that are specific to species within the
genus Meloidogyne even down to the host
race level of the nematode (Chen and
Dickson, 1998). The bacterium is an
obligate parasite of root-knot nematode,
and so it has not been successfully
cultivated on artificial media although
numerous researchers have made such
attempts (Chen and Dickson, 1998). The
Pp infected females was distinguished by
their opaque dull creamy white to amber
color compared to white healthy females of
Meloidogyne spp. as described by Mankau
and Imbriani (1975); Mankau and Prasad
(1977). Infected females of Meloidogyne
spp. can contain up to 2.5 million non-
motile endospores (Hewlett and Dickson,
1993) that are released into the soil
*corresponding author e-mail:Mahdymagdy@yahoo.com