BRIEF REPORT Time-Budgets and Activity Patterns of Captive Sunda Pangolins (Manis javanica) Daniel W. S. Challender, 1Ã Nguyen Van Thai, 2 Martin Jones, 3 and Les May 3 1 Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom 2 Carnivore and Pangolin Conservation Programme, Cuc Phuong National Park, GPO, Ha Noi, Vietnam 3 Division of Biology, School of Biology, Chemistry and Health Science, The Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, United Kingdom This is the first assessment of Manis javanica behavior in captivity. The aim of the investigation was to assess behavior in order to suggest ways of improving captive care and management of the species. This was undertaken by constructing time- budgets and activity patterns and identifying any abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) exhibited. Scan and focal animal sampling were implemented in observations of seven subjects. Analyses detailed idiosyncrasies in how subjects partitioned their active time. Peak activity occurred between 18:00 and 21:00 hr. Two ARBs, clawing and pacing, were identified and the cessation of clawing in one subject was possible by modifying its enclosure. Stress-related behavior, understood to be related to several factors, means maintaining this species in captivity remains problematic. Recommendations are made pertaining to husbandry, captive management, and future research. Zoo Biol  c 2011 Keywords: Pholidota; captivity; behavior; activity; husbandry DOI 10.1002/zoo.20381 Received 20 September 2009; Revised 16 January 2011; Accepted 20 January 2011 Ã Correspondence to: Daniel W. S. Challender, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK. E-mail: dan_pangolin@hotmail.co.uk 2012. Published online 25 February 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). Zoo Biology 31 : 206–218 (2012) 31:206–218, r r 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.