Measurement of Glucose in Blood Using a Simple Non Invasive Method Muhammad Sainal Abidin 1 , Abdul Rajak 2 , Rahmat Awaludin Salam 1 , Muhammad Miftahul Munir 1,a and Khairurrijal 2,b 1 Theoretical High Energy and Instrumentation Physics Research Division, 2 Physics of Electronic Material Research Division Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia a miftah@fi.itb.ac.id (Corresponding author), b krijal@fi.itb.ac.id Keywords: Diabetes, glucose, urine, spectrometer. Abstract. The amount of glucose in human blood should be controlled. Excess or lack of human blood glucose can cause various diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cholesterol and blindness. To monitor the amount of blood sugar, the blood sugar should be measured periodically. We report the design and development of a simple spectrometer as a non-invasive method to determine the amount of glucose in urine. System calibration was done by mixing the sugar solution and benedict solution which at various concentrations. The measurements were carried out using several colors of light source. Measurement results show that the blue light source gave the best results compared to other LED colors with an average relative error of measurement about 5.8%. The photodetector output voltage decreases exponentially with increasing concentration of sugar solution which is in agreement with the Lambert-Beer law. Introduction Diabetes is one of the top four non-transmitted diseases that result in death, with three other diseases are heart disease, cancer and vascular disease. Diabetes can also lead to some derivative diseases such as hypertension and heart disease. Currently, it is estimated that about 285 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide and is predicted to increase to 366 million by the year 2030 [1, 2]. Diabetes is already included in one of the diseases most likely to cause death in parallel with smoking (4.8 million deaths), high cholesterol (3.9 million deaths), overweight or obese (2.4 million deaths) [3]. Researchers noted that high blood glucose is especially problematic in a nation with low to moderate income. Modern lifestyle enjoyed by some people at the moment is one of the factors that cause increasing cases of pre-diabetes. Recent surveys indicate that diabetes now affects a staggering 10-16% of urban population and 5-8% of rural population in India and Sri Lanka [4]. In the United States, nearly 26 million people have been diagnosed as diabetics, and another 79 million Americans are classified as having pre-diabetes [5]. In Indonesia, in 2012 there were more than 8 million people suffer from diabetes, and 84% are unaware that they have diabetes [6]. It is also noted that high blood glucose levels can be risky in the long run because it may harm tissues and organs [7]. The analysis method for blood glucose level is currently performed by invasive methods where a sample is obtained from blood taken directly from patients. This method is still considered to be less effective for most people with diabetes because of the pain felt by the patient during the blood sampling as well as the problem with the sterilization of the tools used to take the blood sample. Many reports stated the occurrence of infections experienced by patients with diabetes at the time of blood sampling. Infection occurs because diabetics cannot produce insulin in the body. Insulin is very important in the uptake and processing of glucose in the body's cells to produce energy. Lack of energy in the wound or damaged cells will lead to a long healing process can even lead to infection [8]. Materials Science Forum Vol 827 (2015) pp 105-109 Submitted: 2014-11-09 © (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Revised: 2015-03-27 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.827.105 Accepted: 2015-04-19 All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 202.73.225.7-21/05/15,13:54:44)