On Licensing Constraints for consonants Nancy C. Kula Leiden Papers in linguistics 2.4 (2005) 51-75 Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………… 51 1. Introduction……………………………………………………… 51 2. Elements and headedness in Licensing Constraints……………. 52 3. The nature of Licensing Constraints……………………………. 54 4. Static constraints and dynamic processes……………………….. 59 5. Language internal non-uniform representations………………… 63 5.1 Welsh Mutations…………………………………………… 63 5.2 Bemba Mutations…………………………………………… 66 6. Licensing Constraints as constraining processes……………….. 68 7. Geometric representations and constraints………………………. 69 8. Conclusion……………………………………………………….. 72 References………………………………………………………… 73