International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-072 © 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 632 Model Implementation and Performance Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Micro Source in Micro Grid Modelling Subhajit Roy Power System Engineering Dr.B.C.Roy Engineering College Durgapur, India subhajitroy111@gmail.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Due to ever increasing energy consumption, rising public awareness of environmental protection and steady progress in power deregulation alternative (i.e. renewable and fuel cell based) Distributed Generation system has attracted increased interest. Fuel cell systems show great potential especially in the area of DG due to their fast technological development and merits, such as, high efficiency, zero or low emission (of pollutant gases) and flexible modular structure. Solid oxide fuel cells are a promising option for distributed energy stationary power generation that offers efficiencies up to 50% in stand-alone applications, 70% in hybrid gas turbine applications and 80% in cogeneration. In this paper we developed a model which describes and simulates the dynamic behavior of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and this model can test the dynamic response for the power demand change from 0% to 120% of the rated value. The standalone dynamic performance of the developed models is analyzed and evaluated. Results prove the effectiveness of the proposed developed model and this model can be used to describe the behavior of the Micro Grid (MG) under different disturbance conditions like load following, load shedding, unbalanced loads, failure of one micro source and so on. By using the micro sources a complete model can be built for the description of the overall dynamic performance of the Micro Grid (MG). The viability of the proposed power control mode is simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK. Key Words: Dispersed Generator(DG); Micro Source, DER; Unit Power Control (UPC); microgrid, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC); Dynamic response. 1. INTRODUCTION Distributed generation is referred in general to small generators, starting from a few kW up to 10 MW, whether connected to the utility grid or used as standalone at an isolated site. Normally small DGs, in the 5- 250 kW range serve households to large buildings [1-2]. Distributed energy is generated or stored by a variety of small, grid- connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER) or distributed energy resource systems. There are four realities facing future power systems that require rethinking the distribution system, the use of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and the smart grid. The realities require that the transmission and distribution system must [3-4]: • Provide for load growth with enhanced stability and with minimal growth of the transmission system. • Make greater use of renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic systems. • Increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. • Increase the availability of high power quality for sensitive loads. A micro grid can be defined as a LV distribution system to which small modular generation systems are to be connected [5]. Generally, a micro grid corresponds to an association of electrical loads and small generation systems through a LV distribution network. This means that loads and sources are physically close [6]. Among such Distributed Energy Resources (DER), fuel cells show particular promise, as they can operate on multiple fuels with low emissions, high efficiency and high reliability [7]. In recent years, an interest toward fuel cell studies has grown because of increasing energy demand and fuel cells are clean and efficient sources of electricity. In this study, the electrical characteristic of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is analyzed [8]. As fuel cells will likely became major Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), dynamic model is necessary to deal with issues in system planning operation and management. Fuel cells have several unique properties from a modelling viewpoint. Fuel cells offer some important benefits over other low-carbon heating technologies, and steady cost reductions through innovation are bringing fuel cells close to commercialization in several countries [9]. In fuel cells, the electrical response time of the power section is generally fast, being mainly associated with the speed at which the chemical reaction is capable of restoring the charge that has been drained by the load [10]. Conversely, the chemical response time of the reformer is usually slow, being associated with the time for the fuel cell stack to modify the chemical reaction parameters after a change in the flow of reactants [11]. To study the dynamic response of each one of the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), the theory of operation of SOFC must be studied. Mathematical models