Enver HASAN I, Oren DOLI and Fisnik KORENICA Individual Complaint Mechanism as a Means to Protecting Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms: The Case of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo Table of Contents A Introduction .............................................................................................. 383 B In Concreto Jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo: A Background Analysis ............................................................................ 385 C Exhaustion of Effective Legal Remedies and other Admissibility- Related Standards in View of the in Concreto Jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court ................................................................................. 388 D Scope and Nature of the In Concreto Review ......................................... 394 E Conclusion ............................................................................................... 400 Keywords Constitutional Court of Kosovo, European Court of Human Rights, in concreto jurisdiction, human rights, exhaustion of legal remedies, scope of review A Introduction The nature and function of constitutional courts in the world have undergone constant transformation during the last centuries. Although initially established according to the Kelsenian constitutional review model, the constitutional courts - especially in Europe - were subject to a process of continuous transformation. 1 For more on the development the centralized constitutional review model especially of the Austrian Constitutional Court on the basis of Kelsenian theory see Thea Oh- linger, The Genesis of the AUstrian Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation, Ratio Juris (2003). Vol. 16, No.2, 206--222; L. Stanley Paulson, Constitutional Re- view in the United States and Austria: Notes on the Beginnings, (2003) Ratio. Juris, Vol. 16 No.2, 223-239 and Georg Schmitz (2003), The Constitutional Court of the RepUblic of Austria 1918-1920. Ratio Juris, Vol. 16, No.2, 240-265. Also, for more about the key characteristics of the European model of constitutional review see Herman Schwartz (1998), Eastern Europe's Constitutional Courts. Journal of De- mocracy, Vol. 9, No.4, 100-114, and Victor Comella (2004), The European model of 383