escritura alfabética consideran como tiempo, capacidad de accionar e historia?; los estudiosos han abordado esta cuestión analizando mitos y etnohistorias (Hill, 1988, 2009; Turner, 1988), narrativas (Basso, 1995; Fausto, 2002; Oakdale, 2005; Rappaport, 1994, 1998; Whitehead, 2003; Taylor, 2007; Fausto y Heckenberger, 2007), rituales (Graham, 1995;Wright, 1998; Conklin, 1995;Taylor, 1993), paisajes (Santos Granero, 1998;Vidal, 2000; Gow, 1991;Vidal, 2000), sistemas de parentesco nativos (Gow, 2001). No Ana Mariella Bacigalupo** * Agradezco a Luis Cárcamo-Huechante, Andrés Cuyul, Juan Ñanculef y Eduardo Rapiman sus comentarios sobre este texto. ** Associate Professor, Ph.D., UCLA. E-mail: anab@buffalo.edu Summary: scholars have challenged the distinction between orality and literacy. They have shown that indigenous people’s novel uses of texts expand and vary our notions of literacy, and that texts can be used ritual objects infused with power and agency in- dependent of the Western way of reading and understanding the alphabet. i argue that Mapuche shamans or machi in southern Chile expand indigenous notions of literacy even further and tie them to shamanic no- tions of power and temporalities. i analyze how Francisca kolipi-- a nonliterate mestiza machi-- embodied the past through ritual spirit possession, transformed this past in her rituals, and expected to be reborn in the body of a new machi when she died. Francisca saw written words as animated shapes and living entities, and bibles and oficial docu- ments as ritual objects that store the power of the state and the church. she smoked and chanted over these texts to extract the historical realities and powers stored in them, and used them for healing and to bring about shamanic rebirth. i argue that in the con- stitution of indigenous Mapuche shamanic identity and power, a non-Mapuche textual object, the “bible,” has come to play a central role. i analyze why Francisca kolipi, a nonliterate mestiza Mapuche shaman, charged me to write about her life and practice in the form of a bible—the physical manifestation of her power—within a larger set of engagements that center on temporality, text, biography, and shamanic force. i argue that shanamic performative literacies play a central role in the creation of indigenous historical consciousness and in the production of indigenous history. Key words: shaman, temporality, bible, history, literacy, Mapuche, Chile SCRIPTA ETHNOLOGICA, Vol. XXXV, Bs. As., pp. 07-30 Introducción las maneras en que los pueblos y las cul- turas experimentan el tiempo y la historia pueden variar notablemente. esto es algo que debemos tener en cuenta e incorporar a nuestras teori- zaciones. Y, así como las experiencias de los pueblos respecto del tiempo y la historia pueden variar, también puede hacerlo su comprensión de lo que signiica la capacidad de accionar. ¿Qué es lo que los pueblos indígenas sin PASADOS Y FUTUROS CORPORALES PERFORMATIVOS: LA ESCRITURA COMO UNA FORMA CHAMÁNICA MAPUCHE PARA ACUMULAR Y HACER CIRCULAR EL*