Artículo en inglés Titulación de Biólogo 44 Analysis of seasonality and relative abundance of spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) and mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) on the moors of the Podocarpus National Park. Carlos Narváez 1 ; Cisneros Rodrigo 1 Department of Natural Sciences, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja 1 ABSTRATC In the western mountain range of National Park Podocarpus and Sabanilla knot in ecosystems over 2400 m south of Ecuador, for 12 months, we evaluated the presence of spectacled bear, andean fox and mountain tapir, three large South American mammals are potentially recognized as "umbrella species", because they have important ecological functions and spacious home range. By register of seven different field signals used to document the occurrence, relative abundance indices and distribucion frequency, for which we used observation transects signs. We found 1002 records of the three species in the entire area traversed by the observation units, of which 50.11% belong to bears, 38.42% to foxes and 11.48% to tapirs. The records distribution and occurrence of the three species throughout the sampling in at least one of the three surveyed tracts showed a continued use of these ecosystems, also we found possible preference patterns related with climatic variables measures temporarily and spatially. The intensity of use evidences and/or presence was time variant, having highest peaks in a few months but was finally discarded the seasonal use of the moors. Keywords: seasonality, abundance, Tremarctos, Tapirus, Lycalopex, diversity, Podocarpus, signals, The three species share the same Andean ecosystems, their conservation is important because as large mammals are vulnerable to extinction by the requirement of a large territory, have been considered as umbrella species to be conserved since it protects other species within its range and line of research as we seek to understand the functionality of the ecosystems of the region for conservation. A relatively easier to record the presence of animals of interest is the registration of signs or stop signs, found in transects, quadrats or other sampling units (Walker et al. 2000). When working with or elusive species in their direct counting or trapping is difficult, the use of relative abundance indices based on proxy records represent an important tool, which, although by themselves do not give a real value density or abundance of individuals in a population, but may be a reflection of this parameter (Ojasti & Dallmeier 2000). In most cases when dealing with large mammals, uncertainty arises due to the spatial variation, the investigator can not apply surveying or monitoring techniques in the entire area so that inferences are used. In this case should be selected sampling areas within the entire area of interest and sampling effort applied only to those areas, the results of those areas sampled are then used to make inferences about the entire area (Walker et al. 2000). The species Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier 1825), is commonly known as Bear antejos, is considered globally as Vulnerable but Ecuador is considered