e-Learning in Nursing Education – Challenges and Opportunities
Peter Kokol
a
, Helena Blažun
b
, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
a
, Patricia A. Abbott
b
a
University of Maribor, University College of Nursing Studies, Žitna ulica 15, Slovenia
b
Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, USA
Abstract
Quick changes on the field of informational
communication technologies forces educational and
other institutions to think about different ways of
teaching and learning in both formal and informal
environments. It addition it is well known that due to
fast advancement of science and technology the
knowledge gained in schools is getting out-of-date
rapidly, so life long learning is becoming an essential
alternative. As a consequence we are facing a rapid
development and use of new educational approaches
such as e-learning, simulations, virtual reality, etc.
They brought a revolution to learning and instruction.
But in general the empirical results of e-learning
studies are somewhat disappointing. They cannot
prove the superiority of e-learning processes over
traditional learning in general, neither in specific
areas like nursing. In our international study we
proved that e-Learning can have many benefits and
that it can enhance learning experience in nursing
education, but it has to be provided in correct manner.
Keywords: e-Learning, Nursing Care, Information
Communication Technology (ICT)
Introduction
Quick changes on the field of informational
communication technologies forces educational and
other institutions to think about different ways of
teaching and learning in both formal and informal
environments. It addition it is well known that our
knowledge gained in school is getting out-of-date so
life long learning is becoming a necessity. As a
consequence in the last decade we are facing a rapid
development and use of new educational approaches
such as e-learning, simulations, virtual reality etc.
They brought a revolution to learning and instruction.
But in general the empirical results of e-learning
studies are somewhat disappointing. They cannot prove
the superiority of e-learning processes over traditional
learning in general nor in specific areas like nursing. In
our international study we proved that e-Learning can
have many benefits and that it can enhance learning
experience, but it has to be provided in correct manner.
Our empirical results identified obstacles, but
interestingly the obstacles differs in different countries.
Our empirical results identified obstacles, but
interestingly the obstacles differs in different countries,
but not wisthanding there are also many similarities.
In the next section we briefly present the use of
eLearning paradigm in nursing education. Then we
introduce the study performed in the scope of the
DENED project, present the results and conclude the
paper with some challenges for future research.
Distant education and e-Learning
Distance education is known for almost 200 years [1].
The term distance education as used in educational
literature covers the various forms of study at all levels
which are not under the continuous, immediate
supervision of tutors present with their students in
lecture rooms or on the same premises but which,
nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance and
teaching of a supporting organization [2].
It can be defined as teaching and learning where
students are not required to be physically present at a
specific location during the term as the process of
providing instructions when students and instructors
are separated by physical distance, time or both.
Frequently regular mail was used to send written
material, videos, audiotapes, and CD-ROMs to the
student and to turn in the exercises. Recently e-mail
and the Web are used for this manner. Initiation of life
long learning in educational process lead [3] to new
forms education and alternative educational programs.
More and more educational institutions follow new
forms of education, which are frequently supported by
ICT [4]. With rapid development of informational
communication technology and “fast life style”, the
distant education is more and more and attractive and
interesting form of education, mainly because of
globalization as consequence of global developments
[5].
Distance education and e-Learning in nursing care
Study of nursing care demands a combination of
theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Students and
professors can use Internet for browsing and searching
literature, web, etc. More advanced forms include e-
mail, videoconferences, virtual classrooms, discussion
groups, forums, digital learning materials, virtual
laboratories, simulations and similar. Because nursing
care is very specific [6,7] verbal interpretations and
conversations must be combined with computer
supported education. Internet and WWW offer options
Consumer-Centered Computer-Supported Care for Healthy People
H.-A. Park et al. (Eds.)
IOS Press, 2006
© 2006 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.
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