International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology
2013 October, Volume 2 Number 4, 17-34
© The Authors / Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND
The emergence of Filipino values among forgiveness
studies
Rungduin, Darwin C.
Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Manila, Philippines (darwinrungduin@yahoo.com)
Rungduin, Teresita T.
Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines (tessa_rungduin@yahoo.com)
Received: 21 February 2013 Revised: 24 July 2013 Accepted: 20 August 2013
Available Online: 18 October 2013 DOI: 10.5861/ijrsp.2013.367
ISSN: 2243-7681
Online ISSN: 2243-769X
OPEN ACCESS
Abstract
This paper reviewed 6 forgiveness studies that were made to understand Filipino forgiveness
behaviors. The aim was to extract general Filipino values as well as the cultural values that
Enriquez proposed in his theory of kapwa. Using combined qualitative and quantitative
approaches in the research reports of those studies, the values that were salient in the
experience of forgiving a transgressor were identified. Results showed that certain personal
(open-mindedness and understanding) and interpersonal (smooth interpersonal relationship
and justice) characteristics become evident in forgiving another a transgressor. Likewise,
loob-related values were recovered from the analysis. The value of freedom was
contextualized in terms of its function in the forgiveness experience. Finally, a value-based
forgiveness model was proposed based on the results.
Keywords: kapwa; forgiveness model; Filipino values; content analysis; loob