Contemporary Social Work Practice | 1 Chapter 2: Children & Families Alinka Gearon Introduction This chapter focuses on children and families social work in the statutory sector, where local authorities are the main provider of social work services termed as “the bedrock of social work in England” (Social Work Taskforce, 2009b, p.14). Aimed at social work practitioners considering working in children and families or students starting placements, this chapter introduces the main concepts pertaining to safeguarding and promoting the wellbeing of children and child protection. Case examples illuminate the social and family problems that occur in children and families practice. The chapter focuses on the centrality of assessment in children and families social work and a model is presented showing the inter-relational factors of assessing children’s needs; know-how, research, abilities, child focus, reflection and process. Each of these factors of assessment is explored in turn, highlighting key aspects of what is expected of the social work role in working together with children and families. A central concept of social work practice with children and their families is safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children, defined in statutory guidance as “the process of protecting children from abuse or neglect, preventing impairment of their health and development, and ensuring they are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care that enables children to have optimum life chances and enter adulthood successfully” (DCSF, 2010, p. 27).