Training to Use a Commercial Brain-Computer Interface as Access Technology for Communication: A Case Study. Sarvnaz Taherian 1 , Dmitry Selitskiy 3 , James Pau 2,3 , R. Glynn Owens 1 and T. Claire Davies 2 1 Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 3 Thought-Wired LTD, Auckland, New Zealand stah008@aucklanduni.ac.nz Abstract This case study describes how an individual with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy was trained over a period of four weeks to use a commercial electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). EEG feedback training was focused on motor imagery of the left and right arm and a customized, gamified training paradigm was employed. The participant showed improvement in the production of two distinct EEG patterns. Performance was found to be influenced by motivation, fatigue and concentration. Six weeks post-training the participant could still control the BCI and used this to type a sentence on a wirelessly-linked device. The results from this case study highlight the importance of creating a dynamic, relevant and engaging training environment for BCIs. 1 Introduction Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed as a potential tool to help meet some of the needs of individuals with severe motor impairments. BCIs can be used as a form of access technology, where with training, the user can gain self-control over specific neural activity which can be used as commands to aid in communication (Neuper, Muller , Kubler, Birbaumer, & Pfurtscheller, 2003). In this sense, they can allow severely disabled individuals the opportunity to control a computer, assistive technology (AT), and/or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, without having to rely on the activation of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the extent to which users can gain control of a BCI, what influences the learning process, and what method(s) of control can be used. The objectives of the present case study were to investigate the usability of a commercial grade BCI to access AT/AAC, and to describe how an individual was trained over a period of four weeks to use this system. A gamified training paradigm was applied to guide and motivate the participant in developing control of neurological activity associated with motor imagery.