Ann Oper Res (2015) 230:153–168
DOI 10.1007/s10479-014-1623-5
Modeling the impact of donor behavior on humanitarian
aid operations
M. Ali Ülkü · Kathryn M. Bell · Stephanie Gray Wilson
Published online: 13 June 2014
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Whether in-kind or cash, coordinated help organizations such as the American
Red Cross, count on donations to help those in need when and after disasters happen. Yet,
it has been observed that the type (in-kind versus cash) and the quality of donations largely
impact the success of meeting urgent demand in humanitarian operations. In particular,
unsolicited items hamper the synchronization of logistical operations and hence may create
more problems than solutions. This research sheds light on the behavioral and decision
making aspects of a donor while developing analytical models of how that behavior can
be influenced by soliciting a minimum amount of cash donation, which in turn mitigates
the negative impact of unsolicited items. We investigate the literature on donor psychology
and feed those extant findings to the analytical model. We provide explicit expressions for
the optimal solicitation amount and the impact of that amount on maximizing the donor’s
likelihood to donate cash, as opposed to in-kind items. Also provided are some execution
insights through extensive sensitivity analysis.
Keywords Humanitarian logistics · Behavioral operations management · Optimal donation
solicitation · Prescriptive model · Disaster response and relief · Nonprofit
1 Introduction
Disasters, both man-made (e.g. nuclear leakage) and natural (e.g, tsunami, hurricane, earth-
quake), can have a devastating impact on the affected individuals and regions. Success-
M. A. Ülkü (B )
Rowe School of Business, Dalhousie University, 6100 University Ave., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
e-mail: ulku@dal.ca
K. M. Bell · S. G. Wilson
Department of Psychology, Capital University, 1 College and Main, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
e-mail: kbell626@capital.edu
S. G. Wilson
e-mail: swilson@capital.edu
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