Characterization of Atomic Layer Deposited Films
as Diffusion Barriers for Silver Art Objects
Amy Marquardt
1
, Eric M. Breitung
1
, Terry Drayman-Weisser
2
, Glenn Gates
2
, Gary W.
Rubloff
1
, and R. J. Phaneuf
1,
*
(1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, MD 20742, USA
(2) The Walters Art Museum, 600 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201,USA
* corresponding author: phaneuf@umd.edu
Abstract
In this article we report on the characterization of atomic layer
deposited (ALD) films on silver alloy objects, both with regard to
film porosity, which potentially limits their effectiveness as tarnish
barriers, and with regard to color change upon deposition, which
affects their visual appearance. We find that the porosity of ALD
alumina films decreases with thickness, and shows no clear
dependence on surface preparation, nor on multiple ALD oxide
layering. We also find that the optimized structures for
minimizing color change are sensitive to the composition of the
alloy, and must be tuned accordingly.
Introduction
Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a technique developed for applications in
microelectronics, is finding new and interesting applications in a variety of fields.
Inspired by interest in the application of new technologies to cultural heritage
conservation [Madsen2011, Adriaens2010, Baglioni2008, Giorgi2010,
Melcher2010,Pouli2010, Prati2010, Targowski2010] we have recently begun
investigation of the use of ALD in creating protective coatings for art objects crafted
from heritage metals [Marquardt2013a,b, Breitung2010]. Art conservation places
multiple requirements on corrosion-barrier films which might serve as replacements for
the presently employed polymeric coatings, such as nitrocellulose. Among these
requirements are higher effectiveness than polymeric coatings in impeding corrosion of
the underlying object, minimal change of the appearance when coated, ease of
application, and reversibility. ALD has been demonstrated to produce films of
extremely high conformality [Banarjee2009, Perez2008] and continuity [Carcia2010],
both important considerations in such an application. Elsewhere we have presented
results analyzing of the performance of ALD-based films in meeting the requirements for
the protection of silver art objects [Marquardt2013a,b, Breitung2010], including their
long effective lifetimes, and high degree of reversibility. In this article we concentrate on
two main aspects of ALD-tarnish barrier films not previously reported on, continuity of
the films and their visual appearance.
10.1149/05810.0277ecst ©The Electrochemical Society
ECS Transactions, 58 (10) 277-286 (2013)
277
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