© Langage et société n° 133 – septembre 2010
Literacy mediators, scribes or brokers ?
The central role of others in accomplishing reading
and writing
Uta Papen
Literacy Research Centre, Department of Linguistics and
English Language, Lancaster University
u.papen@lancaster.ac.uk
Introduction
The term literacy mediators is widely used in research associated with the
New Literacy Studies (NLS, see for example Barton 2007, Street 1993 and
2001, Papen 2005a), now a major trend in reading and writing research in
the Anglophone world and beyond. Literacy mediators are people who read
and write for somebody else. Such mediators are frequently referred to in
studies exploring reading and writing in people’s everyday life (see for exam-
ple Barton and Hamilton 1998, Kalman 1999, Jones 2000, Mace 2002).
The NLS conceptualises literacy as a social practice, as activities that
are part and parcel of people’s life world and that are patterned not only
by individual skills, but by cultural norms, social relations and the wider
context of people’s lives. As such, the NLS provides a counterdiscourse to
the view of literacy as individual skill, common in educational research,
policy and practice. Once researchers look beyond the individual and into
the larger context of when and how literacy is used in social life, the role of
others in accomplishing acts of reading and writing is easily recognised. In
this article, I present examples of literacy mediation from my own research
in Namibia. The discussion of these and other examples from the research
literature seeks to clarify the meanings of terms such as literacy mediation,
scribing and brokering which have been used by researchers to capture dif-
ferent practices of reading and writing for or with others. Literacy mediators