Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This article was originally published in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems published by Elsevier, and the copy attached is provided by Elsevier for the author’s beneit and for the beneit of the author’s institution, for non- commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to speciic colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial Pereira L.S., Duarte E., and Fragoso R. Water Use: Recycling and Desalination for Agriculture. In: Neal Van Alfen, editor-in-chief. Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Vol. 5, San Diego: Elsevier; 2014. pp. 407-424. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.