Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 14 (3): 150-154, 2015
ISSN 1680-5194
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015
Corresponding Author: Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
150
Nutritional Status of School Going Children in Relation to
Their Dietary Intake at Mid-Morning
Farah Naz Akbar , Asma Lodhi , Shahid Mahmood , Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din and Mian Anjum Murtaza
1 2 1 1 1
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
1
Institute of Rural Home Economics, NIFSAT, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Abstract: Present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of lunch box contents, BMI and eating behavior
of school children. An informed consent was taken from parents after dissemination of study and then 150
students of both genders aged 6-11 years were randomly selected from a school, their height (m ) and
2
weight (kg) was measured to calculate BMI (kg/m ). Lunch boxes were examined for their contents, 60 lunch
2
boxes contained simple chips (SP), french fried chips (CF), packed chips (CP), chopri roti (R), allo wala
paratha (PA), simple paratha (PS), boiled egg (EB), fry egg (EF) and omelet (EO) in common. Lunch boxes
were analyzed for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Result
showed at the age of 11 years 33.3% children were overweight, 11.10% children were obese and only
44.40% normal weight. At the age of 10 years 3.7% children were overweight as well as obese and only
44.40% normal weight. At the age of 9 years 25% children were overweight and 54% children were normal
weight. At the age of 8 years 4% children were overweight and 48% children were normal weight. While at
the age of 6 years and 7 years no one child was overweight and nor was child obese. Dietary intake at mid-
morning was also observed in which at the age of 11 years 78% children were using money for buying high
fat lunch meal and 22% children took lunch box with them. At the age of 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6 years, respectively
50, 52, 18, 05 and 0% children were using money for buying high fat lunch meal and 27, 40, 70, 76 and 81%
children took lunch boxes with them while 23, 8, 12, 19 and 19% children had no lunch as well money. Lunch
boxes contents (%) contained moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free extract
(NFE) 34.43±0.058, 0.631±0.020, 11.78±0.500, 0.34±0.10, 6.9±500 and 44.57±0.410, respectively. BMI of
school going children were increased with age due to high consumption of fatty and vendor foods and lunch
box avoiding behavior.
Key words: BMI, school going children, vendor foods, lunch box
INTRODUCTION
Eating breakfast is the very important meal of the day
especially for school going children studies shows that
children who eat breakfast perform better in classroom
and on the playground. A nourished breakfast improves
the learning potential of children, allow them to learn
effectively. Good health and nutrition is the basic need to
achieved child’s full educational potential because good
nutrition effect on educational development and good
learning ability of children. Breakfast which is rich in
carbohydrate provides glucose as fuel to the brain. A
high carbohydrate cereal breakfast can positively
influence one’s morning mood (Widenhorn et al., 2008).
Scientific research supports this, demonstrating that
breakfast eaters are less stressed than those who skip
it. Research has also shown that eating high-fiber
breakfast cereals can help combat fatigue and improve
mood. In a series of memory and recall tests, it was
found that eating breakfast significantly improved
performance at information retention tasks. Recollection
speed was also enhanced. It is conversely important for
children to go with a health breakfast.
Many children skip breakfast because they do not want
eat homemade meal or have don’t have time to eat
(Utter et al., 2007). Breakfast skipping remains a
considerable problem in children (Hoyland et al., 2012).
Attempting to lose weight and lack of time in the morning
is one of the most common reasons in skipping
breakfast. However, evidence suggests that skipping
breakfast results in the opposite-making it harder to lose
weight and keep it off. Eating breakfast helps to balance
food intake throughout the day, making overeating less
likely. Research also shows that both children and
adults who eat breakfast, particularly a cereal one, are
less likely to be overweight than their counterparts who
skip this meal (Cho, 2003). This is reflected in the
observation that breakfast skippers tend to have lower
nutrient intakes compared to habitual breakfast
consumers (Matthys et al., 2007; Williams, 2007).
The school lunch box has an important influence on
health of child. Physician Committee for Responsible
Medicine (PCRM), USA had evaluates the meals which
are served in the National School Lunch Program.
Healthful lunch box includes rich amount of vegetable,