International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 516 Lifetime Enhancement of Wireless Sensor Networks using Duty Cycle, Network Coding and Cluster Head Selection Algorithm 1 Mrunal V. Funde, B.D.C.E Sevagram,Maharashtra ,India, 2 Dr. M.A. Gaikwad, Principal, B.D.C.E Sevagram, Maharashtra ,India, 3 Prof. A.W. Hinganikar, B.D.C.E Sevagram, Maharashtra ,India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The lifetime of wireless sensor network is a critical factor that needs to be addressed by considering different parameters that affect the lifetime of wireless sensor network. The lifetime of WSN mostly depends on energy consumption by node. The enhancement of network lifetime is carried out by considering different parameters including duty cycle management, network coding, cluster head selection, routing and selection of topology. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In the duty cycle management approach the energy efficiency of network increases but there is no provision for packet latency. In network coding approach packet latency is considered but efficient routing algorithm is not introduced. This leads us to couple the advantages of various methods for lifetime optimization and provide an efficient solution for lifetime optimization. Key Words: Duty cycle, cluster head, lifetime etc… 1. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor network (WSN) has great advantages in day to day life i.e. it is widely used in the commercial and industrial areas such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, process monitoring and surveillance. WSN is a network which is consist of small devices known as nodes. Nodes are consisting of CPU, memory, battery and transceiver [10].The operation of WSN depends on the parameters like network lifetime, topology of the network, weather conditions, type of the node and zone around the sink node. In our work we are concentrating on the WSN lifetime. The lifetime of the WSN depends on the battery life, energy consumption by nodes and packet loss. These parameters can be controlled by different approaches like duty cycle management, Network coding, topology management, routing algorithms. In our work we have implemented the duty cycle management approach and introduced other approaches including network coding and cluster head selection. The limited battery lifetime of nodes also affects the overall lifetime of WSN. Heavy traffic on the sensor nodes near sink also has effect on network lifetime [1]. If we switch the node in sleep and active mode then it leads to energy saving of the node. The concept of switching the node in active and sleep mode can be achieved with the help of duty cycle. Duty cycle is nothing but the ratio of active time of the node to its total time. With the help of the duty cycle the nodes can be activated whenever it wants to transmit the data to the sink otherwise it will be in sleep mode and if the node is in sleep mode then the energy consumption is automatically reduced. At the time of transferring the data there may be the loss of packets i.e. the original packet may not be received at sink. This ambiguity can be solved by the network coding technique. Network coding is the technique which allows the intermediate node to encode the data and transfer it to the next node and at the receiver node original data will be decoded. That approach of network coding gives us the reliability of transferring original data at better packet delivery ratio. If the unwanted data packets are neglected then obviously the energy consumption also reduces and it leads to lifetime enhancement of WSN. The data transferred using routing algorithm is the efficient way of transmission. There are number of routing algorithms available, but the cluster head selection algorithm is more efficient. In cluster head selection method one of the nodes from a cluster is selected as the cluster head and that is used to gather the data from the neighboring node and transfer it to the base station or sink node [4]. The cluster head selected on the basis of residual energy and lowest mobility factor. This approach provides better routing algorithm. Better routing for communication then leads to lifetime optimization. In our implemented work we have used cluster head selection algorithm, duty cycle management and the network coding approach together for better results. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This section briefly outlines the related works carried out by researchers in the area of lifetime enhancement of WSN. Duty cycle is used to reduce the energy consumption in the WSN. Rashmi Ranjan Rout et al. [1] have derived the combination of duty cycle and network coding for lifetime enhancement. In this work they achieved the good energy efficiency and good packet delivery ratio. But it does not