AUTHOR COPY
© 2012 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1350-23IX Journal of Brand Management 1–14
www.palgrave-journals.com/bm/
Correspondence:
Sandrine Falcy
IAE de Grenoble, BP 47,
Grenoble Cedex 38040, France
E-mail: Sandrine.falcy@
iae-grenoble.fr
Original Article
Do consumers perceive three
levels of luxury ? A comparison
of accessible, intermediate and
inaccessible luxury brands
Received (in revised form): 28th November 2011
Virginie De Barnier
is Professor of Marketing at the University of Aix-Marseille (IAE Aix Graduate School of Management) in France and
Researcher Wesford Business School, Grenoble, France. She graduated in both Marketing and Psychology. She is
programme director of MSc Marketing and Brand Management at IAE Aix en Provence. Her research interests are in
the area of consumer behavior, advertising and luxury brand management. Her textbook, De la stratégie marketing à la
création publicitaire (Dunod 2010), is in its third edition and has been adopted at top universities, business schools and
leading firms. She also published several articles in Recherche et Applications en Marketing and Journal of Business Research.
Sandrine Falcy
is associate Professor at Grenoble University (IAE Grenoble, Graduate School of Management, France). She is
graduated in Political Sciences and Marketing. Her research interests focused on quantitative methods and are
based on different topics such as consumer behavior, environmental scanning, perceived audit quality and quality
of service.
Pierre Valette-Florence
is Professor of Marketing and Quantitative Methods at Grenoble University (IAE Grenoble, Graduate School of
Management, France). Professor Valette-Florence has published numerous articles within the field of Marketing,
Consumer Behavior and Branding Management. In addition, with Professor Lynn Kahle, he is the author of a forthcoming
book on Life Style and Psychographics.
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to study the concept of luxury levels and to
assess whether they are significant for consumers. Perceptions of five brands were
measured: Chanel and Mont Blanc for accessible luxury level, Rolex for intermediary
luxury level and Ferrari and Van Cleef & Arpels for inaccessible luxury level. Also
three luxury perception scales were compared: Kapferer (1998), Vigneron and
Johnson (1999) and Dubois et al (2001). Various statistical analyses are carried out
in order to validate the structure of the scales and to show their discriminant validity
with regard to the five luxury brands encompassed in this study. This research shows
some convergences between the three scales as well as the utility of these scales for
differentiating luxury brands. Finally, the predictive validity of these scales is
unlighted, validating the distinction of brands among the three aforementioned
luxury levels. Results also show that there is a luxury continuum at a theoretical