International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science, 2014 © 39 Shoshi MH,et al. (2014). Amblyopia In Children 3-9 Years Old, With Refractive Anomalies During 2010-2011 In Prishtina, Int J Ophthalmol Eye Res, 02(04), 39-48. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science (IJOES) ISSN 2332-290X Amblyopia In Children 3-9 Years Old, With Refractive Anomalies During 2010-2011 In Prishtina Research Article Shoshi MH 1* , Shoshi A 2 , Agim X 3 , Fitore S 4 , Fjolla S 5 , Flaka S 6 1 Eye Clinic University Clinical Center of Kosova, Kosova 2 Shoshi Polyclinic, Kosova 3 Eye Clinic University Clinical Center of Kosova, Kosova 4 University of Prishtina, Faculty of Medicine, Kosova 5 University of Prishtina, Faculty of Medicine, Kosova 6 University of Prishtina; Faculty of Medicine, Kosova *Corresponding Author: Mire Hoxha-Shoshi, Eye Clinic University Clinical Center of Kosova, Kosova. Tel/ Fax: +37744240739 E-mail: mireshoshi@hotmail.com Received: July 3, 2014 Accepted: July 23, 2014 Published: July 26, 2014 Citation: Shoshi MH,et al. (2014). Amblyopia In Children 3-9 Years Old, With Refractive Anomalies During 2010-2011 In Prishtina, Int J Oph- thalmol Eye Res, 2(4), 39-48. Copyright: Shoshi MH © 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Due to their biological and social characteristics, school age chil- dren make up a special group of population therefore they re- quire special health care.[1] The health of the children is a strong indicator of the general health condition of the population. [2] The basic biological characteristic of the school children is their growth and development. Therefore, the care for child health in- cludes, as a main pillar, the care towards their growth and psycho- physic development and as such composes one of the main tasks and priority obligations of health. [3] Refractive anomalies are the main factors that cause many visual disorders, blindness and a high rate of poor visual acuity all over the world. [4]School children are considered as the most endangered group because the untreated refractive anomalies can seriously affect their learning ability and their physical and mental development. Studies in many countries of the world related to the prevalence of the refractive anomalies have shown signiicant differences.[7- 23] Studies based on population regarding the prevalence of the refractive anomalies in Kosovo are limited. The Aim of The Study The screening of eye refractive anomalies in children of pre- school and school age (3-9 years old), in the city of Prishtina, aimed the following: • Identiication of the most common refractive anomalies at this age of childhood. • Determination of the prevalence of the refractive anomalies. • Determination of pathology-speciic prevalence compared Abstract Background. Vision screening in schools has a long history, the reason of which was and continues to be, the treatment of refractive anomalies. Early detection of vision problems has many advantages in education and in everyday life. Aim of the study. The screening of the refractive anomalies in pre-school and school age children (3-9 years), in the city of Pristina aimed the determination of the prevalence of refractive anomalies. Materials and method. This is a transversal project – cross sectional, which has been conducted during 2010-2011. For the data collec- tion we have designed a special questionnaire/form. We have selected the city of Prishtina for this work, Since the study was a zonal type of study, we have selected the city of Prishtina for this work. Our research included 1027 children of age 3-9 years old. Results. The prevalence of the eye refractive anomalies in children of age 3-9 years old results to be 11.7%, with variability from 9.7% to 13.7%, for 95% accuracy. In children of age 3-9 years old, myopia was encountered in 3.4% (or 34/10 3 ) of the cases , with variations from 2.3% up to 4.5%; hyperopia was found in 3.8% with variations from 2.6% up to 5.0%; astigmatism in 4.5%, with variations from 3.2% up to 5.8%, without signiicant differences based on age or gender. Conclusions. After a thorough analysis of the results, we came to the conclusion that screening of the refractive anomalies in children of age 3-9 years old is very important since their prevalence is apparent. Key words: Screening, Refractive Anomalies, Children 3-9 Years Old, Prishtina.