Design of Compatibilizing Interfacial Polymer Layers
Using a Macroinitiator
M. K. Oduola
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
koye_oduola@yahoo.com
Key words: Immobilization, surface-attached radicals, graft polymerization.
Abstract. Immobilization of an amine-containing peroxide macroinitiator APM onto solid mineral
surfaces has been achieved via physical/chemical adsorption of its macromolecules from solution.
A systematic variation of reaction parameters upon graft polymerization initiated by surface-
attached APM including nature of monomer and solvent has been conducted. The effect of solvent
and nature of monomer on the overall constant of polymerization, effective activation energy,
initiation efficiency as well as other parameters of elementary stages of the process has been
established. It has been revealed that the involvement of TiO
2
particles with the surface-attached
radicals in the heterogeneous polymerization process profoundly influenced all the elementary
stages, particularly chain transfer and termination.
ITRODUCTIO
Peroxide modification of the surface of disperse fillers and pigments is carried out with the
objective to enabling their participation in the elementary reactions of polymerization: initiation,
chain propagation and termination. As a result, a compatibilizing interfacial polymer layer is
formed with macromolecules grafted to the surface [1-6]. However, localization of the initiation
sites on the surface affects not only the polymerization kinetics, but also determines to a remarkable
extent the chemical composition, structure and the physical properties of the resulting polymers.
This in turn determines the overall properties of the heterogeneous polymer system. A number of
works has been focused on the amount of polymer grafted onto the surface [2,3,5], whereas little or
no data is available on the initiation kinetics and the effect of immobilization on the propagation
and termination of the growing polymer chains. To gain control over the polymerization process
initiated from the surface-attached initiator however one of the prerequisites is a well-established
initiating layer. Application of unconventional free radical polymerization initiators has been
encouraged in recent years owing to their capabilities to eliminate the limitations encountered with
the use of traditional ones. These include unmanageable rate of polymerization (in particular, when
block polymers are needed), and limited molecular weight of the resulting polymers [3-5]. As an
example, it has been shown that the presence in the initiator structure of a second radical generating
functionality causes its entrance into the growing macrochains to form macromolecules, which
consequently become active participants of chain re-initiation, propagation, transfer and termination
reactions [7,8]. The presence in the initiator molecules of additional functional groups however
leads to sufficiently complex polymerization kinetics. This is aggravated by the fact that polymer
peroxides have been little investigated with regards to their initiating characteristics upon free
radical polymerization of vinyl monomers as compared to conventional organic peroxides.
In this paper the idea of activating the solid surface by adsorption of polymers with peroxide
moieties is further developed. The radical polymerization process initiated by a peroxide-active
pigment, titanium dioxide modified by an amine-containing peroxide macroinitiator
TiO
2
-mod-APM, has been investigated for two model vinyl monomers: styrene St and methyl
methacrylate MMA, differentiated by polarity and chain termination mechanism. This will not only
facilitate the elucidation of the problem described above, but also go a long way to throw more
lights in the general mechanism of vinyl polymerization involving polyreactive macroinitiators.
Advanced Materials Research Vols 62-64 (2009) pp 311-316 Online: 2009-02-20
© (2009) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.62-64.311
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans
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