IJSRSET151452 | Received: 11 August 2015 | Accepted: 16 August 2015 | July-August 2015 [(1)4: 283-285]
© 2015 IJSRSET | Volume 1 | Issue 4 | Print ISSN : 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099
Themed Section: Engineering and Technology
283
A Review on Use of Chromatography for Analytical Applications
Sunil J. Kulkarni *
1
, Ajaygiri K. Goswami
2
, Nilesh L. Shinde
3
*
1,3
Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
2
University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra
ABSTRACT
Analysis of the sample is very important in the research and development field. In pharmaceutical and fine
chemicals industries the presence of very minute amount of unwanted material can cause very significant effect on
quality. In research, the determination of heavy metal, phenol, dye and many other components in the sample of
water, raw material or product is key to accuracy of the results and its interpretation. Spectroscopy is handy for
detection of components. For very small amount it is not adequate. Chromatography and its various forms are very
useful for analysis. The present review summarizes the research and studies on use of chromatography for analysis.
Keywords: Retention Factor, Stationary Phase, Mobile Phase, Solvents.
I. INTRODUCTION
Analysis of the sample is very important aspect of
chemical and environmental engineering. The analysis
of the wastewater for determination of minute impurities
is important from health point of view. The presence of
dyes, phenol, organic matter and heavy metals is
harmful [1, 2, 3]. It is very important to analyse the
water in order to select proper treatment technology. The
determination chemical oxygen demand (COD) is
normally done by using COD digestion apparatus and
potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent against
Mohr’s salt [4]. The phenol determination can be done
by titration. For more accurate results,
spectrophotometric methods are useful. For
determination of heavy metals atomic absorption
spectrophotometers is useful [5]. The energy dispersed x
ray diffraction is also used for determination of various
components in solid and liquid samples [6]. The analysis
of dyes is generally done by spectrophotometric method
[7]. Various chemical analysis methods can be used for
glucose and starch [8, 9, 10]. Chromatography is very
useful and important analytical technique. It is a method
used for separating organic and inorganic compounds. It
can be used to find out composition of solids and liquids.
It can also be used to find unknown material in the
sample. This aspect is important in forensic chemistry.
In chromatography two phases, stationary and mobile,
are defined. The retention factor (R
f
) is indication of
how far compound travels in particular solvent. The
chromatography finds wide application in research and
development. The present review summarizes the
studies and investigations on various aspects of
chromatography in the analytical applications.
II. STUDIES AND RESEARCH ON
CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR ANALYTICAL
APPLICATIONS
Kupiec discussed high-performance liquid
chromatography as analytical method [11]. He discussed
various aspects of chromatographic separation. He
explained retention, resolution and sensitivity. He
discussed the mechanisms of chromatography including
adsorption, partition, ion-exchange and size an exclusion.
He concluded that HPLC is most widely used analytical
method in pharmaceutical industries and laboratories.
Curry discussed application of chromatography in
forensic science [12]. It is difficult for forensic analyst to
get high enough purity to obtain such data as % carbon, %
hydrogen, % nitrogen, mixed melting points. Usually
they do not get enough data required for the analysis.
According to him paper chromatography provides a
valuable addition to his armoury. Paper chromatography
offers separation of similar material on microgram scale.