IJSRSET151466 | Received: 15 August 2015 | Accepted: 25 August 2015 | July-August 2015 [(1)4: 353-356] © 2015 IJSRSET | Volume 1 | Issue 4 | Print ISSN : 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section : Science and Technology 353 The Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium on the (Number, Sex, Generation and their interactions) of Wild Fruit Flies Mahmood Othman Ahmed * * 1 Department of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Reqiog. Iraq ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of crude aqueous extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium on (number, sex, generation and their combinations) of wild fruit flies. The concentrations (100, 50 and 25 μg/ml) were given to first generation parents in culture media and left for completing the life cycle under suitable temperature (25 Co ±2) in the modified-lightened incubator. Five replications were used for each treatment, and untreated flies were considered as control. The results were obtained in first and second generations successively. The results showed significant effect (P<0.05) of concentrations and concentration-generation interactions on the number of fruit flies and highly significant (P<0.01) of the impact of sex regarding the number of fruit flies. Keywords: Fruit Fly, Hypericum, Mitotic Index, Hypericin I. INTRODUCTION Hypericum species are plants known to have medicinal properties and are widely used in phytotherapy in many countries. The genus Hypericum comprised more than 400 species, and the most abundant herbs of those are Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum triquetrifolium. Hypericum has been used in traditional herbal medicine in many countries (Mohammed & Kheravii, 2011). In Iraq Hypericum triquetrifolium is very common on the upper plains and in the Khanaqin, Mosul, Ain-Sifni, Kirkuk, Arbil, Shaqlawah, Khanzad pass, Humaidat, Tal-kaif, Zawitah, Kani-Atar ( near Sinjar), Gali-ali- Beg, Jazira, Tal-Afar (Al-Rawi, 1973). The entire plant is toxic containing (hypericin, pseudo- hypericin, protohypericin, and protopseudo-hypericin), phloroglucinols (hyperforin, adhyperforin, hyperfirin, and adhyperfirin), and a broad range of flavonoids, these toxins are secondary metabolites . They do have diverse biological activities ranging from toxicity to hormonal mimicry and may play a role in protecting plants from herbivore and disease. (Al-Rawi, 1973; Nahrstedt and Butterweck, 1997). Modern studies have been focused on the activity of Hypericum species extract and many researches have been published for its antimitotic (Homann et al., 2015; Ahmed, 2012; Penjweini et al., 2012 and Fox et al., 1998), antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidepressant (Eslami et al., 2011) and antiviral activity ( Liebes et al., 1991). Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying hypericin photocytotoxicity in cancer cells has revealed that hypericin stimulate both apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration and light dose- dependent manner.(Patrizia et al., 2002; Vantieghem et al., 1998 and Kessel et al., 1997; Esposito et al., 1995; Hadjur et al., 1996; Hadjur et al., 1995). Hypericin toxin and its close relative toxins show anticancer activity in treated mice, When hypericin molecules are photoenergised they can lyse cells in the dermis and cause the photosensitization associated cellulitis (an infection of deep skin dermis) that develops in field cases of Hypericum poisoning. (Mohammed and